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Cardiovascular Disease: Coronary Artery Disease

Cardiovascular Disease: Coronary Artery Disease. Colleen Rich March 6 th , 2012. What is Cardiovascular Disease?. A general term that refers to any disease of the heart and circulatory system.

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Cardiovascular Disease: Coronary Artery Disease

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  1. Cardiovascular Disease: Coronary Artery Disease Colleen Rich March 6th, 2012

  2. What is Cardiovascular Disease? • A general term that refers to any disease of the heart and circulatory system. - generally characterized by the deposition of fatty material in the blood vessels (hardening of the arteries), which in turn can lead to organ damage and death - also termed coronary heart disease (CHD), as the vessels of the heart are the primary sites of the disease

  3. Types of Cardiovascular Disease • Cardiovascular disease includes a number of conditions affecting the structures or function of the heart - Coronary Artery Disease - Heart Attack - Arrhythmia - Atrial Fibrillation - Heart Valve Disease - Heart Failure - ETC

  4. What is Coronary Artery Disease? • CAD is atherosclerosis, or hardening, of the arteries that provide vital oxygen and nutrients to the heart. - The arteries, which start out smooth and elastic, become narrow and rigid, restricting blood flow to the heart -heart becomes starved of oxygen and the vital nutrients it needs to pump properly

  5. Pathology • Pathology of Coronary Artery Disease: -Heart disease can start in adolescence - LDL are taken up by scavenger cells -As plaque grows, the process of atherosclerosis evolves over decades • Risk Factors: - High cholesterol - Smoking - Hypertension - Diabetes

  6. Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease • Most common symptoms: angina or chest pain • Other symptoms: - Shortness of breath , palpitations, faster heart beat, weakness or dizziness, nausea, sweating

  7. Background on Cardiovascular Disease • The leading cause of death in the United States for men and women • ~ 500,000 people die annually from coronary heart disease • Caused by the interaction of both genes and environment • Parents or other close relatives had heart disease, you are at a higher risk • African Americans, Mexican Americans, American Indians, Hawaiians, and some Asian Americans also have a higher risk for heart problems

  8. Background on Cardiovascular Disease - Risk of heart disease increases with age. - Men have a higher risk of getting heart disease than women who are still getting their menstrual period. After menopause, the risk for women is closer to the risk for men - Kills twice as many women as cancer - 60% more people die from coronary heart disease than cancer - Considered one of the most preventable diseases

  9. Treatment • Health Lifestyle: - Quit Smoking - Switch to low-fat diet - Increase exercise • Surgery: - Coronary angioplasty and stents, Magnetic-assisted intervention, Coronary artery bypass surgery, Minimally invasive heart surgery • Medication may be prescribed by doctors: - Aspirin, Nitroglycerin, Beta-blockers, Cholesterol-lowering medications, ACE inhibitors, Calcium channel blockers, Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins, etc.

  10. Low-Fat Diet • Saturated fat Less than 7 percent of your total daily calories • Trans fat Less than 1 percent of your total daily calories • Cholesterol Less than 300 milligrams a day for healthy adults; less than 200 milligrams a day for adults with high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or "bad," cholesterol or those who are taking cholesterol-lowering medication

  11. Day 1 Total • Based on an 1,800 calorie diet • Calculations - 5.4g = 43.2kcal - 43.2kcal/1857kcal = 0.023 - 0.023 X 10 = 0.23% Saturated Fat of total daily calories -105mg of Cholesterol

  12. Lunch Meal Plan

  13. Day 2 Total • Based on an 1,800 calorie diet • Calculations • - 12.6g = 100.8kcal • - 100.8kcal/1853kcal = 0.054 • - 0.054 X 10 = 0.54% Saturated Fat of total daily calories • -52mg of Cholesterol

  14. 4.0mg144kcal

  15. Day 3 Total • Based on an 1,800 calorie diet • Calculations • - 5.7g = 45.6kcal • - 45.6kcal/1773kcal = 0.026 • - 0.026 X 10 = 0.26% Saturated Fat of total daily calories • -102mg of Cholesterol

  16. Questions 1 • The most common symptoms of coronary artery disease are angina and ______.

  17. ANSWER: • CHEST PAIN

  18. Question 2 • Are men or women more susceptible to cardiovascular disease?

  19. ANSWER: • Men at a 2:1 ratio to women

  20. Question 3 • Is coronary heart disease: - genetic - environmental - the interaction of both

  21. ANSWER: • The interaction of both

  22. Resources • http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/cardiology/coronary-artery-disease/#s0020 • Food Composition Table; McGraw-Hill 2009 • http://www.mayoclinic.org/coronary-artery-disease/treatment.html • http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-healthy-diet/NU00196 • http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/heart-disease-coronary-artery-disease?page=2 • Wardlaw, Gordon M., and Anne M. Smith. Contemporary Nutrition. 8th. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Print.

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