EEM 23 2 Digital Systems I

1. EEM232Digital Systems I

2. Course Information Instructor : Atakan Doğan (atdogan@anadolu.edu.tr) Office hours: TBD Materials: http://home.anadolu.edu.tr/~atdogan/ Text:M. Morris Mano, Charles R. Kime. Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall. 2004

3. Grading Grading Two Midterm Exams: 30% Four Quizes: 20% Four HWs: 10% Final: 40% Grading Guidelines AA: 90-100 Others: 40-90 FF: 0-40

4. Why should you take EEM 232? • A required course according to our curriculum • The theory of operation of digital devices form a basis for other courses in the EE/CS curriculum. • EEM 334 Digital Systems II • EEM 486 Computer Architecture • EEM 336 Microprocessors I • Digital systems are widespread in use. • Integrated Circuits that operate on digital data are in 95% of every electrical powered device in the U.S. • The job market for engineers and computer scientists with Digital Design skills is at high and will continue growing.

5. Course Objectives • To learn how to analyze and designdigital circuits • Logic Gates • Boolean Algebra • Combinational circuits • Boolean function, truth table, circuit • Decoder/Encoder • Multiplexer/Demultiplexer • Adder/Subracter/Multiplier • ALU • Synchronous sequential circuits • Latch/Flip-flop • Moore/Mealy circuits • Counter • Register • RAM/ROM and Programmable Logic Devices

6. Anolog vs. Digital • Analog Circuit: processes signals that can take any value across a continuous range of a physical quantity. • Voltage, current, etc. • Basic elements: resistor, capacitor, inductor, amplifier, etc. • Digital Circuit: manipulates signals that can take only one of two discrete values: 0 or 1, low or high, true or false. • Basic elements: Logic gate

7. Digital Abstraction • Digital circuits: • Built with anolog components such as MOS transistors • Deal with anolog voltages and currents • Digital abstraction of analog signals: • A signal is 1 if it is close enough to VCC • A signal is 0 if it is close enough to GND • Digital abstraction allows anolog behavior to be ignored - Circuits can be modeled as if the digital circuits really did process 0s and 1s.

8. Why Digital? • Reproducibility • Given the same inputs, digital circuit generates the same outputs. • The outputs of an analog circuit vary with temperature, power-supply voltage, component aging, etc. • Ease of design • No complicated math skills are needed • The behavior of small circuits can be understood without knowing the details of complicated devices. • Flexibility and functionality • Different ways to process digitalized data (compress, encrypt, store)

9. Why Digital? • Programmability • Hardware description language to design circuit • Speed • Very fast speed: Several gigahertz clock rate • Economy • A lot of functionality in a small space • Millions of transistors on a chip • Rapidly and steadily advancing technology • Moore’s law (Gordon E. Moore, a co-founder of Intel)

10. Why Digital? • Digital data can have additional data added to it to allow for detection and correction of errors • Scratch a CDROM - will still play fine • Scratch, stretch an analog tape - throw it away • Digital data can be transmitted over a medium that introduces errors that are corrected at receiving end • Satellite transmission of DirectTV - each ‘screen’ image is digitally encoded; errors corrected when it reaches your digital Set Top receiver, shows up as a ‘Perfect’ Picture.

11. Many Representations of Digital Logic Logic diagrams Transistor-level circuit diagrams Equations: Z = S¢ × A+ S × B

12. Many Representations of Digital Logic Prepackaged building blocks, e.g. multiplexer Truth tables