Peloponnesian War with a side of MAcedonia

1. Peloponnesian War with a side of MAcedonia

2. Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE) • Building tensions between Athens and Sparta, both push for war instead of diplomacy • Navy vs Army • Sparta marches on Athenian territory, surrounds the city. • Athens stays restocked through the use of their navy and ports. • In 429 BCE, massive plague strikes Athens, killing ½ the population including its leader Pericles • Athens surrenders in 404 BCE. • Severely weakens most of the Greek city-states also called a what?

3. Philip II • Became king of Macedonia in 359 BCE at the age of 23. • Quickly turned the rugged peasants that made up his army into disciplined soldiers. • Utilized the phalanx paired with a cavalry charge • In 338 BCE, Athens and Thebes attempt to join forces against Philip’s army moving south, but are quickly defeated. • In 336 BCE, at his daughter’s wedding, a former bodyguard stabs him and his son Alexander (with the support of the army) declares himself king.

4. Young Jedi Alexander • Tutored by Aristotle (learned geography, science, and literature) • Ruthless in his rule (destroyed Thebes just to prove a point) • After defeating Darius III, Alexander planned the fall of Persia • Conquered Egypt in 332 BCE • Moved East to Mesopotamia to again confront Darius III and his 250,000 man army • Darius flees again • Continues to pursue Darius until he finds Darius dead, killed by a provincial governor • 327 BCE- Reaches the Indus River Valley • Troops beg Alexander to go home • Had been fighting for 11 years, marched 12,000 miles

5. Alexander’s Legacy • Returned to Babylon • Died of a fever at the age of 32 • Alexander’s general fought each other for control of the empire. • 3 became the victors and split the empire • Antigonus- took Macedonia and Greece • Ptolemy- took Egypt and title of pharoah • Seleucid- took most of the old Persian empire • Alexander’s conquest ended the era of independent Greek city-states