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America Political Beginnings

America Political Beginnings. Colonial Period & The Colonial Mindset: Ordered Government Organized government institutions/roles Limited Government Government is NOT all powerful. Representative Government Government served the will of the people. The Road to Independence .

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America Political Beginnings

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  1. America Political Beginnings • Colonial Period & The Colonial Mindset: • Ordered Government • Organized government institutions/roles • Limited Government • Government is NOT all powerful. • Representative Government • Government served the will of the people

  2. The Road to Independence • King George take the British throne in 1760 • New taxes & more taxes on the colonies • Colonists feel as if they are being mistreated • Taxation without representation! • Protests, organized resistance, etc. (Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party).

  3. The Road to Independence The First Continental Congress – 1774 in Philadelphia • 1774 British Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts in response to the troubles in Boston • Delegates from every colony except Georgia • Discussed the situation • Boycott British goods • Sets up the Second Continental Congress

  4. The Road to Independence The Second Continental Congress – 1775 in Philadelphia • British government has refused to compromise • Revolutionary War had already begun • All 13 colonies sent representatives • Army is created and Georgia Washington appointed commander in chief • Adopts the Declaration of Independence in 1776

  5. After Declaring Independence • First State Constitutions • Articles of Confederations

  6. Problems with the Articles of Confederations • Powerless to lay and collect taxes • Powerless to regulate foreign and interstate commerce • Couldn’t enforce act of congress • No national court system • 9/ 13 required to pass laws • Shay’s Rebellion is the last straw for the Articles of Confederation

  7. Need for a Stronger Government • Constitutional Convention (May 1787) • Virginia Plan • Population-based representation in Congress • Bicameral Congress • 3 Branches • New Jersey Plan • Equal representation in Congress • Unicameral Congress

  8. The Great Compromise • The Great Compromise leads us to what we have today: • Bicameral Congress, 3 Branches of Government. • House of Representatives: Population • Senate: Equal Representation • 3/5th’s Compromise: Slavery. • Slaves count as 3/5’s of a person towards population.

  9. Ratifying the constitution • Federalists • Anti- federalists

  10. The Constitution “Supreme Law of the Land” • Outline of the Constitution • Sets out the basic principles & framework of government • Preamble • Introduction • Articles • Outline basic organization and powers • Relationship w/states • Requirement for ratification

  11. Six Principles • Popular Sovereignty • Limited Government • Separation of Powers • Check and Balances • Judicial Review • Federalism

  12. Amendments • A change to the constitution • Four methods of adding an amendment. • 1st proposed by 2/3 in congress, ratified by ¾ of states • 2nd proposed by congress, ratified by convention in ¾ of states • 3rd proposed by a national convention called by congress at the request of ¾ of the states, ratified by ¾ of state legislatures • 4th proposed & ratified by a national convention in ¾ of the states

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