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Unit 7: The Roaring 20s (1918 – 1929 )

Unit 7: The Roaring 20s (1918 – 1929 ). A Difficult Transition!. Review: The Five Themes of the Roaring 20’s. Liberation? Creativity? Pop Culture? Consumerism? Fear?.

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Unit 7: The Roaring 20s (1918 – 1929 )

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  1. Unit 7: The Roaring 20s (1918 – 1929) A Difficult Transition!

  2. Review: The Five Themes of the Roaring 20’s • Liberation? • Creativity? • Pop Culture? • Consumerism? • Fear?

  3. DLT: I can describe the problems the U.S. faced after World War I and discuss the causes and effects of the Red Scare of 1919-1920. A Difficult Transition!

  4. Influenza! • Sept. 1918 – early 1919 • Pandemic bird flu kills 550,000 Americans (50,000 Soldiers) • Probably killed 50-100 Million Worldwide. • It probably originated in the U.S. though it was called the Spanish flu. • Strangely, it hit men and women in their 20s & 30s the hardest.

  5. Women Face New Problems • Gains made by both groups were off set due to a recession – an economic slowdown. • The slow economy saw fewer women working in 1920 than in 1910 • The job market was more competitive after the war

  6. African-Americans Face Racial Violence • Due to the Great Migration and returning soldiers there was a shortage of jobs and housing in Northern cities. • 25 Riots during the summer 1919. • Chicago (Summer 1919) – 13 days of violence left dozens dead & hundreds injured. • Tulsa, OK (1921) – 10 whites & 13 Af-Am dead & 35 blocks burned in Af-Am neighborhood.

  7. Inflation Leads to Post-War Labor Strikes • Rising prices were capped during the war by government controls. • After the war, people wanted goods, which were scarce, and not Liberty Bonds. • Scarcity = Inflation Why? • Farmers suffered from falling farm prices and industrial workers suffered due to inflation. • 1919 saw 4 million workers (20% of the workforce) struck at one time or another for higher wages and better working conditions. • The strikers usually lost and some turned violent. • Union leaders and radicals were blamed for the disorder.

  8. The Boston Police Strike of 1919 • In Boston, MA the entire police force went on strike in Sept. 1919. • The wanted to create a police union and the mayor said no. • Governor Calvin Coolidge (MA) became a national hero for stopping the strike.

  9. The Red Scare! 1919-1920 • V.I. Lenin, dictator of the U.S.S.R. (Russia) promoted the spread of communism across the world. • Many Americans thought the labor strikes of 1919 were incited by the U.S.S.R & radical, communist union leaders in the U.S. • Numerous bombings across America in 1919-1920 seemed to confirm there was a revolution brewing here. • Wall Street bombing (Sept. 16, 1920) killed 38 and injured 143!

  10. The Palmer Raids • A. Mitchell Palmer, U.S. Attorney General, countered by going after suspected radicals (anarchists, socialists, and communists) • 1000s were arrested & most were never charged with a crime • Many were innocent recent immigrants from S & E Europe • 100s were deported to the U.S.S.R. via a ship known as the Buford which was called the “Red Ark”

  11. The Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti • April 15, 1920 – S. Braintree, MA - 2 men at a shoe factory were robbed and murdered • 2 Italians – Nicola Sacco & BartolomeoVanzetti were arrested & charged with the crime • There was little evidence against them; most feel they were victims of their ethnicity and ideology • August 23, 1927 – they were executed in the electric chair

  12. Exit Slip – The Red Scare • What disease killed millions around the world in 1919-1920? a. Influenza b. Cholera c. Pneumonia • Race riots occurred in each city EXCEPT ______ during 1919-1921. a. Tulsa b. Chicago c. Phoenix • Police officers in this large U.S. city were heavily criticized for striking in 1919? a. New York b. Boston c. Philadelphia • During the Red Scare of 1919-1920, many persons of foreign descent were deported because they were suspected of being ___________. a. Communists b. Criminals c. Jews

  13. Bell Ringer – The Red Scare • What were some things that caused Americans to be fearful in the years immediately following World War I? 1. 2. 3. 4.

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