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DNA

http://www.chemicalgraphics.com/paul/images/DNA/BallAndStick.jpg. Ch. 9. DNA. Enduring Understanding:. Forensic Science involves many different scientific technologies. Essential Question:. How is DNA used in Forensic Science?. What do you know about DNA????.

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DNA

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  1. http://www.chemicalgraphics.com/paul/images/DNA/BallAndStick.jpghttp://www.chemicalgraphics.com/paul/images/DNA/BallAndStick.jpg Ch. 9 DNA

  2. Enduring Understanding: Forensic Science involves many different scientific technologies

  3. Essential Question: How is DNA used in Forensic Science?

  4. What do you know about DNA????

  5. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/wilkins-bio.htmlhttp://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/wilkins-bio.html History of DNA http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/campbell6e_awl/chapter16/deluxe.html James Watson and Francis Crick 1953 Maurice Wilkins Rosalind Franklin

  6. http://www.molecularstation.com/molecular-biology-images/showphoto.php/photo/2http://www.molecularstation.com/molecular-biology-images/showphoto.php/photo/2 Chromosomes DNA

  7. DNA structure Nucleotides: sugar - deoxyribose phosphate group nitrogen base cytosine - guanine adenine - thymine

  8. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/B/BasePairing.htmlhttp://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/B/BasePairing.html Complementary Base Pairing Adenine - Thymine Cytosine - Guanine Ave. human chromosome = 100 million base pairs

  9. http://www5.pbrc.hawaii.edu/microangela/rbc.htm Function of DNA: -defined by the arrangement of base pairs - protein synthesis -20 amino acids - normal hemoglobin vs. sickle cell

  10. hemoglobinSickle Cell valine valine histidine histidine leucine leucine threonine threonine proline proline glutamate valine glutamate glutamate . . . . . .

  11. http://library.thinkquest.org/18617/data/replication/replication.htmlhttp://library.thinkquest.org/18617/data/replication/replication.html DNA replication -synthesis of DNA from existing DNA -DNA polymerase -assemble new strand of DNA -proofread DNA for mismatched base pairings

  12. Polymerase Chain Reaction use in forensic science: -DNA thermal cycler - small amount of DNA - millions of copies ***sample size does not limit amount of tests run

  13. http://www.forbes.com/2001/07/26/0726gfp.html Recombinant DNA process used to insert DNA from one organism into the DNA of another organism mice with green fluorescent protein from jelly fish

  14. How does recombinant DNA technology work? 1. use a restriction enzyme to cut DNA into fragments (150 different restriction enz.) 2. insert the isolated DNA strand into a foreign DNA strand, usually bacteria -restriction enz used to open up foreign DNA 3. new DNA is spliced into foreign DNA, then put back into bacteria

  15. DNA Typing with Tandem Repeats human genome has repeating sequences of bases (30%) = tandem repeats Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms -RFLPs -15-35 base pairs long, repeats up to 1000 times -*numerous possibilities for the # of times a particular sequence of base letters can repeat itself on a DNA strand can be used to tell different people apart

  16. http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/clinton/lewinskydress.htmlhttp://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/clinton/lewinskydress.html used to link Monica Lewinsky's dress with President Clinton

  17. Gel Electrophoresis -technique that separates materials according to migration through a gel under an electrical field -use starch or agar gel -What types of substances would move? - match up bands

  18. Mitochondrial DNA DNA found in mitochondria - in loop form can be used if hard to find nuclear DNA - charred body or hair shaft can get from maternal related relative if can't get from body - costly, harder to perform, time consuming

  19. first mtDNA evidence in 1996 State of Tennessee vs. Paul Ware linked 2 hairs to suspect used to identify remains put in Tomb of Unknown Soldier as First LT. Micheal J Blassie (1998) -took remains of mtDNA and compared to 7 families associated with case -identified the remains to be Lt. Blassie

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