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Case study - Namibia

Case study - Namibia. AOIs Environment. Physical geography of Namibia Physical map of Namibia. In your note book describe the physical map of Namibia – Outline map - Draw the main features. Physical geography of Namibia Physical map of Namibia. Main physical features of Namibia.

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Case study - Namibia

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  1. Case study - Namibia AOIs Environment

  2. Physical geography of NamibiaPhysical map of Namibia In your note book describe the physical map of Namibia – Outline map - Draw the main features

  3. Physical geography of NamibiaPhysical map of Namibia Main physical features of Namibia

  4. Environment Namibia is the world’s driest country outside the Sahara and Sahel regions of Northern Africa. The map shows the location of the Namib Desert along the Namibia’s Atlantic coast. To the east of the country is the start of another major desert, the Kalahari. In between these arid regions a constant struggle take place to make land productive. The fear of drought and DESERTIFICATION is present. 70 % of the Namibian population rely directly on the land to survive despite the harsh conditions. Key words: Desertification, overgrazing, drought deforestation, Namib desert, Kalahari desert, soil erosion, bush encroachment, Sustainable and non-sustainable development

  5. Problems of Land ownership in Namibia A major issue in Namibia - Ownership rights are very complex in Namibia today. Communal farmers are less likely to care for their land that they do not own. Some larger herd owners have started to enclose land for themselves In the past, land was distributed by partition as the country was divided up betweendifferent ethnic groups Environment Farming leading to desertification Example of Northern Namibia- • Land use -grazing, cattle, sheep and goats • Land is communally owned • Growing rural population • Pressure – need for a more productive communal land • Soils and grass are overused – trees are cut down for fuel wood (non renewable energy) used for heating, cooking, Building homes and fencing • Lack of water lead to drought • Drought causes long-term problem • Emergency boreholes to supply water is leading to overgrazing in the areas close by Cattle around a borehole, Namibia

  6. Environment Environmental & Economic impact- Effect of overgrazing • Deforestation – trees are cut down for fuel wood, fencing and building • Crops decline and food output falls • Cattle have to be taken away from villages to graze; land becomes less fertile without animal manure • Soil erosion – Soil unprotected by trees is eroded more quickly • Rural poverty increase – local resources become exhausted, poorer people have not alternatives

  7. Bush Encroachment in Namibia

  8. Environment • Can you think of solutions to help the • environment in Namibia? • Get in groups of 2 • USE HAND OUT 1 • Think in terms of sustainable development • What is sustainable development? • Planning for the future in Namibia? • What can you do to look after the land of Namibia? • Let’s define together the issue of non sustainable and sustainable development together in the next 2 slides

  9. Sustainable & non-sustainable development Sustainable development is achieved when people meet their own needs without damaging the environment. By looking after the earth now, future generations will also be able to meet their needs for food, shelter, clothing and recreation.

  10. Sustainable & non-sustainable development – As a result of much damage to natural environments, there are also many signs of non-sustainable development among human populations. Many people are affected live in LEDCs. The following diagram shows some of the social signs of non-sustainability.

  11. Sustainable development in Namibia? How can people behave responsibly and protect the earth and its resources for future generations in Namibia? • One example of acting sustainability • Looking after the land: planning for the future in Namibia • Provide cheap alternatives to wood for building and fuel wood • Plan the location of new boreholes carefully • Improve the management of land and pasture to prevent overuse • Plan for drought, rather than just react to it. Be prepared to decrease cattle numbers quickly during the drought, and increase numbers only when rains return. • Educate schoolchildren and train local people to protect resources • Use EIA (environmental impact assessment) methods before introducing new developments – Use of appropriate technology

  12. Role of the Namibian government? • In recent years, the Namibian government has held workshops and national conferences about the problems of OVERUSING the LAND that may eventually lead to DESERTIFICATION • Remember that with global problems, as with diseases such as malaria or HIV/AIDS, prevention is better than cure. • Keep in mind that is very difficult to change people habits. That is why it is essential to explain vividly the environmental issues and how they can change their ways of working so the population is more in title to change their habits • To your opinion, is the role of the Namibian government important? Explain your answer

  13. Key words to know • Desertification – Process in which land becomes desert – ( from land mismanagement or and climatic changes) • Overgrazing- Excessive grazing (animals herding) to an extent which the land is damaged. • Deforestation- the removal of forest by burning or cutting • Drought- long period without precipitation (low precipitation) with long term effect • Soil erosion – the wearing away or loss of soil mainly due to the action of wind, rain , running water and cutting trees • bush encroachment – grazing land is lost and replaced by bushes • Namib desert – the world oldest desert located along the Namibian Atlantic coast • Kalahari desert- desert located in the east of Namibia & west of South Africa • Sustainable & non-sustainable development- • Appropriate technology -

  14. A National Park in a LEDCEtosha National Park, Namibia Facts on Etosha Park • One of the oldest & largest park in Africa • Measures 300 km from east to west and 100 km north to south • Etosha pan – Once a huge lake which gradually dried out to leave a deep white salty depression. (or pan) the Pan covers almost a quarter of the total area. • Summer are very hot (average of 40C) and winter are cool (16C) • Almost no rain falls in winter (may to September) • Main vegetation is SAVANNA grassland and shrub, with some woodland.

  15. Satellite image of Etosha Pan http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/http://veimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/20928/image07222006_1km.jpg

  16. Location of The National Etosha Park

  17. Location of Etosha Park

  18. Map of Etosha National Park

  19. Created in 1907 Today only a 1/3 of its original size (no longer stretching to the Atlantic coast. Constant threat of drought led to many boreholes drilled in the 1950’s Boreholes have increased the numbers of wildlife (elephants & lions) A game fence was built keeping animals in, hunters and disease out Problems in the park New fences interfered with traditional migration routes of wildebeest (numbers fell by 90%) and zebra (numbers fell by 70%) In 1983, the park suffered its worst drought in 100 years. Many animals died & others Escaped in search of food & were shot. How Etosha developed?

  20. The park is managed by the Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET). Their job is to: Balance the needs of the wildlife, local people and visiting tourists Preserve the park’s natural vegetation Provide sufficient water for all users Deal with conflicts between park users The numbers of visitors is strictly controlled. Permits & Accommodation have to be Booked in advance. The Park has 3 rest camps: Each rest camp include areas for tents, caravan, luxury conditioned bungalows, shops restaurants, swimming pools, floodlit waterholes where visitors can watch wild animal night & day How and who managed the National park managed ?

  21. What is the main attraction for the Park? Wildlife is of course the main attractions Outside the camps visitors can drive around 700 km of gravel road in search of four African’s ‘big four’ game animals (elephant, Lion, leopard & rhino) which are all found in Etosha Park. Visitors must stay inside their vehicles and have to stay on the Roads Fact file – Etosha’s wildlife elephant 1500 Black rhino 300 Lion 300 Leopard/cheetah number unknown Giraffe 2000 Zebra 6700 Hartebeest 250 Kudu 2000 Wildebeest 2600 Ostrich 1500 Springbok 20000 Gemsbok (oryx) 4000 Birds 340 species Antelope 70 Snake 50 species

  22. What does the MET’s have to deal with? Problems at Etosha Park - Even if the MET’s (ministry of Environment & Tourism), Etosha has issues to deal with 1. Low precipitation (very little rain) has fallen since the 1983 drought, leading to poor vegetation growth 2. Shortage of water - Water is very short in supply throughout Namibia. Tourists and wildlife are supplied by the River Kunene in the North of the country. Local communities may go without assess to water • What is the future of Etosha National Park? • The potential of tourist growth in Namibia is great and Etosha is a • leading attraction. At the present only the south-eastern section • open. See map • Possible new areas may be opened to accommodate more tourists • A controversial fourth rest camp is already planned • Provision of water is an ongoing, expensive problem as is the upkeep of the many gravel roads in the park • The MET has to conserve the wide range of animals and vegetation under very difficult environmental conditions. • The conflicting needs of local people, visitors and wildlife make this a hard task

  23. MYP assessment – Brochure on National Etosha park Aim: to Create a brochure to show the attractions of the Etosha National Park for visitors (the type of brochure that the tourist office would produce.) To be able to describe the environment and wildlife in Etosha park Describe some of the ways in which the park is being managed and what makes management of the park difficult? Draw up a Development Plan of Etosha. You should consider the needs of the local people, tourists, wildlife and the environment Promote the concept of Eco-tourism & sustainable development (ex: In your opinion should a new fourth rest camp be built?) Format of your assessment: use publisher – brochure format Materials: Notes from this PowerPoint Criteria A, C & D – refers to MYP rubric

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