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DWA

Yay ! Yay ! For DWA!. DWA. Overview. Why – To Persuade – To “sell” an opinion/idea. How – Formula – a “pattern” (5-para essay) Medium (genre) – Essay – Informational . Idea/Prewriting. Brainstorming:

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DWA

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  1. Yay! Yay! For DWA! DWA

  2. Overview • Why – To Persuade – To “sell” an opinion/idea. • How – Formula – a “pattern” (5-para essay) • Medium (genre) – Essay – Informational

  3. Idea/Prewriting • Brainstorming: • Put everything down, without judging it, nothing is a bad idea. (Can disregard ‘bad’ ideas later.) • Move quickly. Not a work of art. Don’t worry about handwriting and don’t erase. Messy.

  4. Types of Brainstorming • Webbing – • Write declaration in the middle of the page. (side you’re arguing) • Focus on your declaration and spin off ideas from it. • Take these ideas and spin more thought off of them. • Continue until you have filled the entire page.

  5. Types of Brainstorming • Strategies for thinking of reasons for the three middle paragraphs. Convincing reasons for your argument. • T. H. E. M. E. S • T: time • H: health • E: education • M: money • E: environment • S: safety

  6. Effective Evidence • Facts- facts bolster your argument because they can be confirmed or verified. • Expert Opinion- although you can’t use your own opinion as evidence, it is acceptable to use and expert’s. (Must be and expert!) • Statistics- numbers to back up your argument. (census data, polls, surveys, scientific studies, etc.) Be careful with source of statistics. According to some studies, 5 out of 6 people are convinced by statistics!

  7. Effective Evidence • Examples- illustrates the point you are making. They make theories and ideas concrete and understandable. • Anecdotes- stories based on your own experiences or those of people you know, or have even read about. • REMEMBER! EVIDENCE MUST SOUND PLAUSIBLE! (Reasonable, real)

  8. The Rebuttal(Counter-argument) • It is important to mention, and “rebut” opinions from the other side of an issue. • You should tell what the other side thinks and then go on to tell what is wrong with that point of view. • Useful rebuttal tools: • “comma but” • Some experts believe that a low-carb diet is healthy, but he American Heart Association still recommends a low-fat diet…”

  9. The Rebuttal(Counter-argument) • Useful rebuttal tools: • Transition words • While • Although • Or • Unlike • Yet • However • Unless *While many people purchase animals at a pet store, it is much more compassionate to adopt from the local humane society. • Therefore • In contrast • Or • Similarly • Because • Consequently • Sometimes • besides • In addition • On the other hand • furthermore

  10. How/When to use WHICH Transition? • To change the line of reasoning (contrast): • However • On the other hand • But • Yet • Nevertheless • On the contrary • Unlike • Unless

  11. How/When to use WHICH Transition? • For continuing a common line of reasoning: • Consequently • Clearly, then • Furthermore • Additionally • And • In addition • Moreover • Because • Besides that • In the same way • Also

  12. How/When to use WHICH Transition? • To show time or sequencing: • After • Afterwards • As soon as • At first • At last • Before • Before long • finally • First… second… third • In the first place • In the meantime • Later • Meanwhile • Next • Soon • Then

  13. How/When to use WHICH Transition? • For opening a paragraph: • Admittedly • Assuredly • Certainly • Granted • No doubt • Nobody denies • Obviously • Of course • To be sure • True • Undoubtedly • Unquestionably • Generally speaking • In general • In this situation

  14. Formula • Paragraph 1- Introduction • Attention-getter (Hook) • Pop Machines • Show voice (passion) • State topic • Argument • State your opinion firmly • Make clear your side/feelings on the argument

  15. Formula • Paragraph 2 • 2nd strongest reason and argument • Starts with transition • State reason (claim) • Explanation (evidence)- use detail, anecdotes, statistics, real-life experiences, stories, expert opinion, etc. • Whole paragraph is about only ONE reason (claim). • Explanation is logical. • Sentences vary in length and beginning.

  16. Formula • Paragraph 3 • Weakest argument • Starts with transition • State reason (claim) • Explanation (evidence)- use detail, anecdotes, statistics, real-life experiences, stories, expert opinion, etc. • Whole paragraph is about only ONE reason (claim). • Explanation is logical. • Sentences vary in length and beginning.

  17. Formula • Paragraph 4 • Strongest Argument • Starts with transition • State reason (claim) • Explanation (evidence)- use detail, anecdotes, statistics, real-life experiences, stories, expert opinion, etc. • Whole paragraph is about only ONE reason (claim). • Explanation is logical. • Sentences vary in length and beginning. • REBUTTAL (Address counter argument!) • May be done in 2nd or/and 3rd paragraph.

  18. Formula Remember- Paragraphs 2, 3, 4 are convincing! One of the middle paragraphs has a counter-argument and a rebuttal!

  19. Formula • 5th paragraph • Conclusion • Starts with a transition • Restate topic • Restate opinion firmly • Restate strongest arguement • Call to action • Mention an organization • Answer to problem • Pose question

  20. Formula Remember- Whole essay is writing with passion! (voice) -Show you care about what your writing about. Whole essay is convincing and easy to understand.

  21. Six Traits • Ideas and Content

  22. Don’t Stress the Test!Tips for successful test-taking • Listen carefully to the oral directions. Then read the directions carefully by yourself and highlight, circle or underline any key words. • Read the question and try answering it before… looking at the possible answer choices. • Even if you think you know the answer, read all of the answer choices carefully before you make a decision. You may find and even better answer. • If you know the answer, make your answer carefully and go to the next question.

  23. Don’t Stress the Test!Tips for successful test-taking: • If you don’t know the answer, highlight, circle or underline key words that can help you determine the correct answer. • Cross out the answer choices… that you know are definitely wrong. Process of elimination. • If you’re still not sure, make a reasonable guess. Ask yourself which is true more often or which answer makes more sense. • Avoid spending too much time… struggling with one question. If you are not sure of an answer, put a check mark beside the question and move on.

  24. Don’t Stress the Test!Tips for successful test-taking: • After you have finished the test, go back and complete the ones with check marks, or that you skipped. Then review the section one final time. • Do not change and answer… unless you are absolutely sure you made a mistake. First instinct is usually a good one!

  25. TESTING 1-2-3 • Strategies for taking standardized tests: • Night before- • Go to bed on time! • Put a few no. 2 pencils with erasers in your backpack • Solve family/friend ‘drama’ problems before taking test. • Talk to parents about any concerns you might have regarding the test. • Morning of- • Start day normally • Eat a good (healthy) breakfast. • Think of what you will do to relax when you get home. • Think Positive! (seriously!)

  26. TESTING 1-2-3 • Strategies for taking standardized tests: • Multiple Choice Questions- • If you do not understand the directions, ask for help. • Read question and ALL answer choices before marking anything. • Do not change answer…unless certain. • Answer every question…even if you have to make and ‘educated guess.’ • Process of elimination- • After reading question and ALL answers, eliminate choices you know are incorrect.

  27. TESTING 1-2-3 • Strategies for taking standardized tests: • Process of elimination (cont.)- • If you can eliminate even two of the answers, your chances are better. • Try not to just guess blindly. • Key words- Watch for absolute words. • All, Never, Always, etc.

  28. TESTING 1-2-3 • Strategies for taking standardized tests: • Clear? Make sure you understand what is being asked! Make sure you are responding accurately. • Pace yourself- • Don’t spend too much time on any one question. Do your best, then move on. • Answer easiest questions first, but then be sure to go back to those that you skipped. < Skip, Return, Check>

  29. TESTING 1-2-3 • Strategies for taking standardized tests: • Reading passages- • Read the questions FIRST. By doing this, you will know what you are looking for as you read. This also help you go faster on the test. • When there are several questions about a reading passage or chart, look for clues in other questions that will help you with those items that you’re unsure of.

  30. TESTING 1-2-3 • Strategies for taking standardized tests: • Finally- Remember it's okay not to know everything—unlike class tests, these tests will have some questions designed to challenge the limits of your knowledge at a grade level above your current grade.

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