1 / 13

Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction

Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction. Objectives: Identify different types of cell division Differentiate between a gene, a DNA molecule, a chromosome, and a chromatid. Be able to compare haploid and diploid cells Predict how mutations at the chromosome level can affect development.

ralphgibson
Download Presentation

Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction Objectives: Identify different types of cell division Differentiate between a gene, a DNA molecule, a chromosome, and a chromatid. Be able to compare haploid and diploid cells Predict how mutations at the chromosome level can affect development.

  2. About 2 trillions cells are produced by an adult human body every day What are some of the reasons why cells need to divide in our bodies?

  3. Why do cells reproduce • For growth • Repair • And reproduction

  4. There are Two Types of Cell Division • Mitosis • Makes new somatic cells (body cells) • These cells are used for Growth and Repair of tissues • Meiosis • Makes germ cells or gametes ( egg and sperm) • These cells are used for reproduction

  5. There are 5 stages of Mitosisplus Cytokinesis Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase and, Cytokinesis

  6. Interphase Cell grow and carries out if normal cell processes DNA Replicates

  7. Prophase • Nuclear membrane disintegrates • Nucleolus (nuclear membrane) disappears • Chromosomes condense • Mitotic spindle begins to form between the poles

  8. Spindle ApparatusIncludes • Centrioles: Located at the poles of the cell, and send out spindle fibers. • Spindle fibers: attach to the centremere of each sister chromatid, in order to pull them apart. The spindle apparatus ensure that each new cell receives 1 full copy of the genetic material ↑Centromere ↑Spindle fiber Centrioles →

  9. Metaphase • Chromosomes attach to mitotic spindle and align along the metaphase plate (the equator of the cell).

  10. Anaphase • Microtubules shorten, moving chromosomes to opposite poles

  11. Telophase • Chromosomes reach poles of cell. • Nuclear envelope re-forms. • Nucleolus reappears. • Chromosomes decondense.

  12. Cytokinesis Plant Cells Cell plate forms dividing daughter cells Animal Cells Cleavage furrow forms at equator of cell and pinches inward until cell divides in two Cleavage → Furrow

  13. The result is two identical daughter cellsThat are Diploid (having 2 copies of each chromosome).

More Related