Cellular Reproduction and Chromosomes

1. Cellular Reproduction and Chromosomes Chapter Five: Cellular Reproduction and Chromosomes 5.1 and 5.2 (5.3 after the last slide)

2. 1. What is the continuous sequence of growth and division known as? • The Cell Cycle 2. True or False? The growth stage is known as Mitosis. • False- The growth stage is known as interphase.

3. 3. The division of a cell’s nucleus is known as • A. Meiosis • B. Mitosis • C. Metaphase I • D. Prophase I 4. What is each chromosome made up of? • Two sister chromatids

4. 5. Gametes, either egg or sperm, are ___ which means they contain only one copy of each type of chromosome that the diploid parent cell contains. • Haploid

5. 6. Give examples of mitosis. • When a starfish loses an arm as a result of an attack by a predator, a new arm is regenerated by the process of mitosis. • Cells that do not function properly are replaced by mitosis. • Cells are replaced when they die through mitosis.

6. 7. True or False? The centromere within the nucleus holds the genetic info needed to maintain the cell and to make new copies of the cell. • False- chromosomes 8. What does the centromere do? • Holds together the sister chromatids

7. 9. The _____ cell divides to produce two new _____ cells. • Parent, daughter 10. How many chromosomes do all human somatic (body) cells have? • A. 24 • B. 21 • C. 42 • D. 46

8. 11. What are the four phases of mitosis? • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase 12. What happens before mitosis begins? • Interphase

9. 13. During which phase of mitosis do the chromatids reach the two opposite poles within the cell? • Telophase (the 4th phase) 14. During which phase of mitosis do the spindle fibres attach to the centromere of the replicated chromosomes? • Metaphase (the 2nd phase)

10. 15. During which stage of mitosis does chromatin condense and thicken to form visible duplicated chromosomes? • Prophase (the 1st phase) 16. During which phase of mitosis are the chromatids pulled to opposite poles of the cell? • Anaphase (the 3rd phase)

11. 17. What is the separation of the cytoplasm and the formation of two new daughter cells called? • A. Cytokinesis • B. Mitosis • C. Meiosis • D. Genetic Variation

12. 18. What are some of the causes of mutations? • Various mutagens such as toxic compounds (smoke, chemicals, etc), radiation or viruses 19. What are genes called that can be activated by a mutation? • Oncogenes

13. 20. True or False? Meiosis is a special type of cell division that occurs only in reproductive organs. • True 21. True or False? The first part of meiosis that reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid is known as crossing over. • False- Reduction Division

14. 22. How many autosomes and sex chromosomes does each human sperm or egg cell contain? • A. 20 autosomes, 2 sex chromosomes • B. 24 autosomes, 1 sex chromosome • C. 22 autosomes, 1 sex chromosome • D. 22 autosomes, 2 sex chromosomes

15. 25. True or False? Homologous chromosomes are identical. • False- similar but not identical 26. What type of chromatids do not belong to the same chromosome and undergo crossing over? • Non-sister chromatids

16. 27. True or false?The random positioning of tetrads along the cell’s equator is called crossing over. • False – independent assortment • True or false?The production of gametesis known as gametogenesis. • True

17. 29. The process of male gamete production in animals is called ________, and the female gamete production is called ______? • Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis 30. The re-assortment of chromosomes and genes carried through crossing over is known as _______? • Genetic recombination

18. 31. The diploid germ cells that start Oogenesis and spermatogenesis are called _______? • A) Ooganius, Spermaganius • B) Egg, Sperm • C) Oogonium, Spermatogonium • D) Oogoogle, Spermagoogle

19. 32. True or false?The failure of chromosomes to separate properly is known as nonjunction. • Trisomy • False - Nondisjunction 33. What is it called when all the cells that develop from the zygote have an extra chromosome?

20. 34. True or false?A zygote containing three sets of chromosomes is called polyploid, and an organism having more than two sets of chromosomes are called triploid. • False – triploid, polyploid

21. 35. True or false? The transmission of genes that are located on one of the sex chromosomes is called chromosome theory of inheritance. • False – sex–linked inheritance 36. The combined research of Mendel, Sutton, and Boveri formed the basis of what? • Chromosome theory of inheritance

22. 37. What is the inactivated X chromosome called? • A) Barr body • B) Golgi body • C) Barrd body • D) Carr body 38. What are Punnett squares used for? • To predict the outcome of crosses of genes.

23. 39. What is it called when many traits are controlled by more than one gene? • Polygenic Inheritance 40. What is a range of variation in a trait called? • A. Modifier genes • B. Continuous variation • C. Variation genes • D. Modifier traits You got it!

24. 39. Give an example of a trait in humans that involves modifier genes. • Eye color

25. Make sure that you are ready for the test!