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Proposed Amendments to the Fleet Rule for Transit Agencies: Diesel Hybrid-Electric Buses, Zero-Emission Bus Demonstratio

This presentation discusses the proposed amendments to the fleet rule for transit agencies, focusing on diesel hybrid-electric buses and the zero-emission bus demonstration project. It provides background information, current status, and recommendations.

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Proposed Amendments to the Fleet Rule for Transit Agencies: Diesel Hybrid-Electric Buses, Zero-Emission Bus Demonstratio

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  1. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE FLEET RULE FOR TRANSIT AGENCIES:DIESEL HYBRID-ELECTRIC BUSESZERO-EMISSION BUS DEMONSTRATION Public Hearing June 24, 2004

  2. Today’s Presentation • Background & Status of the Fleet Rule • Diesel Hybrid-Electric Bus Proposed Amendments • Zero-Emission Bus Demonstration Project Proposed Amendments • Conclusions & Recommendations

  3. BACKGROUND

  4. Transit Agency & Urban Bus Regulations • Adopted February 2000 • Standards for New Urban Bus Engines • Fleet Rule for Transit Agencies • Dual Path for New Purchases • NOx & PM Reductions for Existing Fleet • Zero-Emission Bus Demonstration & Purchase Requirements

  5. Urban Bus Engine NOx Standards NOx Emission Standards • Board Established Two Paths • Diesel • Alternative Fuel • NOx Standards for Diesel & Alt Fuel Engines • Diesel - Tighter Standards 2004 Diesel Alt Fuel

  6. Status of PM Requirements Bus Engine PM Standards • New Bus PM Emission Standard as of 10/1/02 at 0.01 g/bhp-hr • Meeting PM Standard Requires a Filter • Reported DPF Retrofits as of January 1st • ~10% of Diesel Buses Retrofitted as of 1/1/04 Existing Fleet: Retrofits

  7. Fleet Rule for Transit Agencies • Status Reports • September 2001 • March 2002 • Amended in October 2002 • Amended PM Reduction Mechanism • Adopted Hybrid-Electric Bus Interim Certification Procedure

  8. Status of Urban Bus Engine Availability 2004-2006 • Alternative-Fuel • 4 CNG • 1 Gasoline Hybrid-Electric • Diesel • None at 0.5 g/bhp-hr NOx • 7 Transit Agencies with Alternative NOx Strategy Exemption Can Buy Higher Emitting Diesel Buses

  9. Hybrid-Electric Buses Proposed Amendments

  10. Hybrid-Electric Buses (HEBs) • HEBs Use a Combination of Power Sources • Lower Emissions • Greater Fuel Economy • Large HEB Fleets in New York City and Seattle • Industry Still at an Early Stage

  11. Status of HEBs in California • October 2002: Board Adopted Interim Certification Procedures for Heavy-duty HEBs • To Date: One HEB Certified • Gasoline Hybrid-electric Bus • Certified to 0.6 g/bhp-hr NOx+NMHC • 27 On Order to Long Beach Transit • No Diesel HEB Has Met California’s 2004 Diesel Urban Bus Engine Emission Standard of 0.5 g/bhp-hr

  12. Diesel Hybrid-Electric Bus: Proposed Emission Standard • Add Section 1956.1 (a)(11)(B) for Diesel Hybrid-electric Bus • NOx standard: 1.8 g/ bhp-hr • PM standard: 0.01 g/bhp-hr • Manufacturers May Only Sell to Diesel Path Transit Agencies with Approved Purchasing Plans

  13. Proposed Fleet Requirement • Excess NOx Emissions (1.8 - 0.5 g/bhp-hr) Must be Offset • Plan Approved by the Executive Officer • Only Surplus NOx Emission Reductions are Allowed

  14. Proposed Reporting Requirements • Apply for Approval • Number of Diesel HEB • Specific Actions - Retrofit or Repower • Executive Officer Review within 90 Days • Final Report • 30 Days Prior to Arrival of Last HEB • Transit Agency Provides Any Plan Changes or Updated Information to EO

  15. Statewide Emission Benefit

  16. ZERO-EMISSION BUSES Proposed Amendments

  17. Zero-Emission Bus (ZEB) Demonstration & Purchases • ZEB = Hydrogen Fuel-cell, Electric Trolley, or Battery Electric Bus • ZEB Demonstration Project • Diesel Path Transit Agencies >200 buses • Three ZEB per Agency by 7/1/2003 • (4 Transit Agencies, 12 Buses Total) • ZEB Purchase Requirements • Diesel Path: 15% 2008-2015 • Alternative Fuel Path: 15% 2010-2015

  18. Why Zero-Emission Buses? • Urban Buses Offer a Controlled Fleet Application • Buses Can Handle Larger Size and Weight of Fuel Cells and On-board Fuel Storage • Fuel Cell Manufacturers Predicted Greatly Reduced Costs by 2004 • Roughly Equivalent to Overhead Trolleys

  19. Current Fuel Cell Bus Activities • 30 Foot Hybrid Fuel-cell Bus Operated by SunLine Transit and AC Transit • Multi-city, 30 Bus Demonstration in Europe (Clean Urban Transport in Europe)

  20. Status of ZEB Demonstration Requirements • Transit Agencies Request Bids for Up to 20 Buses • Bus Manufacturer Submit and Withdraw Proposal • Initial Fuel-cell Manufacturer Limits Participation • Fuel-cell Manufacturers are Focused on Light-duty Market

  21. Status of ZEB Demonstrations Requirements (Continued) • Demonstrations Up to 32 Months Behind Schedule • Per Bus Costs 3 - 4 Times Greater Than Anticipated • Initial Bus Delivered to Santa Clara Valley Transit Authority

  22. ZEB Demonstration Project Proposed Changes • Change Implementation Deadlines • Operation by February 28, 2006 (was July 1, 2003) • Preliminary Report by July 31, 2005 • Final Report by July 31, 2007 (was January 31, 2005) • Require Three Fuel Cell Buses Per Demonstration • 6 Buses - Required, Plus 1 Bus - Voluntary

  23. Remaining Issue • 2007 New Engine NOx Standard, 0.2g/bhp-hr • Differs From U.S. EPA 2007-2009 • No Diesel Urban Buses Expected in CA • Uncertain if Natural Gas Engines Will Meet • Raises Issue of Dual Path • More Information By Spring 2005 • Natural Gas Development Deadline • Recommendation to Board in Summer 2005

  24. Conclusions & Recommendations • Proposed Amendments • Allow Sale of Diesel HEBs • Result in the Removal of Older, Dirtier Diesel Buses • Modify the ZEB Demonstration Requirements to Match Availability • Staff Recommends Board Approval of Proposed Amendments • Will Assess 2007 NOx Standard by Mid-2005

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