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Biology A

Biology A. Standard 4A Week 3 Ms. Darlak. Bio Warm-up 12/10. Decode this protein sequence into amino acids: mRNA: AUG GGC AUC CCG UUA UAA. Decode into amino acids. AUG GGC AUC CCG UUA UAA AUG = METHIONINE (START) GGC = GLYCINE AUC = ISOLUECINE

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Biology A

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  1. Biology A Standard 4A Week 3 Ms. Darlak

  2. Bio Warm-up 12/10 • Decode this protein sequence into amino acids: mRNA: AUG GGC AUC CCG UUA UAA

  3. Decode into amino acids • AUG GGC AUC CCG UUA UAA AUG = METHIONINE (START) GGC = GLYCINE AUC = ISOLUECINE CCG = PROLINE UUA = LEUCINE UAA = STOP

  4. Agenda 12/10 • James Bond Cellular Spy Activity • Protein Synthesis Story • DNA Booklet Assignment p.16

  5. nucleus cytoplasm

  6. DNA Booklet Project p.16 Each page graded for completeness and accuracy of information. Page 1 DNA structure Page 2 Replication Page 3 Transcription Page 4 Translation

  7. Page 1: DNA structure (See Page 288, 290) • Draw and label all the parts of a DNA molecule:show the phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, the 4 nitrogen bases • Hydrogen bonding between the bases • Which bases are purines/pyrimidines • A and G are purines, and C and T are pyrimidines • the shape of DNA as a double helix

  8. Page 2: DNA Replication (see page. 292-293) Draw the DNA molecule halfway unzipped • Label the nitrogen bases • Show how one side is copied by adding bases toward the replication fork. • Show how one side is copied by adding bases going away from the replication fork.

  9. Page 3: DNA Transcription (see page 296-298) • show the steps of transcription • show the complementary nucleotides of RNA being paired with the DNA bases • show that uracil is substituted for thymine • show that mRNA is being built with U-A and C-G nucleotides • show that mRNA leaves the nucleus with its “message”

  10. Page 4: DNA Translation (See p. 300-301) • Show that this takes place in the cytoplasm and not in the nucleus of the cell • Show the ribosome clamped onto the mRNA strand • Show the letters of the bases on the mRNA strand • Show how tRNA binds to each codon and brings the correct amino acid to a growing chain of already added amino acids

  11. Translation Videos • Real Time http://youtu.be/yqESR7E4b_8 • Hollywood Synthesis http://youtu.be/983lhh20rGY

  12. Translation Animations • http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranslation.html • http://207.207.4.198/pub/flash/26/transmenu_s.swf • http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a3.html

  13. Protein Synthesis Story • Protein synthesis starts when _____ is opened by the enzyme __________ which reads the nucleotides and creates a _______ strand. This process is called ________ and takes place in the ______. • Before a protein is made, the mRNA must ________ and go to the _______ where three nucleotide _________ on the mRNA is matched to the _________ on the tRNA. Every time a tRNA is matched an _________ is added to the __________ chain creating a protein. This process is called __________ and it takes place in the _________. Transcription amino acid anticodon polypeptide ribosome codon translation nucleus cytoplasm DNA RNA polymerase mRNA leave the nucleus

  14. Warm-up 12/11 Transcribe and Translate the following DNA sequence: TAC ACA CGG CTG ATT GGA AUG UGU GCC GAC UAA CCU AUG-METHIONINE UGU-CYSTEINE GCC-ALANINE GAC-ASPARTIC ACID UAA-STOP

  15. Agenda 12/11 • Hand in James Bond Assignment • Synthesis Story • Mutation Notes • DNA Booklet Assignment p.16

  16. Protein Synthesis Story DNA RNA polymerase • Protein synthesis starts when _____ is opened by the enzyme ________________ which reads the nucleotides and creates a ______ strand. This process is called _____________ and takes place in the ________. • Before a protein is made, the mRNA must _________________ and go to the _________ where three nucleotide ______ on the mRNA is matched to the __________ on the tRNA. Every time a tRNA is matched an __________ is added to the _________ chain creating a protein. This process is called ___________ and it takes place in the __________. mRNA Transcription nucleus leave the nucleus ribosome codon anticodon amino acid polypeptide translation cytoplasm

  17. RNA polymerase 2. 1. DNA Can you tell the story? 5. NUCLEUS 11. aminoacids 4. TRANSCRIPTION leave the nucleus mRNA 3. Transcription nucleus anticodon 6. mRNA leaves the nucleus cytoplasm TRANSLATION 13 polypeptide CYTOPLASM 14. translation amino acid 12. polypeptide codon ribosome 10. tRNA mRNA 9. ANTICODON RNA polymerase CODON 8. DNA 7. ribosome

  18. nucleus cytoplasm

  19. Mutations: A Change in DNA • In reproductive cells (sex cells or gametes) • May result in new trait or non-functioning protein • Rarely have a positive effect • Passes on to offspring • In body cells • Happens during lifetime (radiation damage to cells) • Not passed on to offspring

  20. 1. Types • Point Mutations- • change in a single base pair Example: Original Strand: THE CAT AND DOG EAT RAT. Mutated Strand: THE CAT AND GOG EAT RAT.

  21. Point Mutation

  22. 1. Types • Frameshift Mutations- • single base is added or deleted • Framsehift Deletion = deleted • Frameshift Insertion = added Example: Original Strand: THE CAT AND DOG EAT RAT. Mutated Strand: THE CAT ADDOGE ATR AT. Mutated Strand: THE CAT AND DOT GEA TRA T.

  23. Frameshift Mutation

  24. What type of Mutation? WILDTYPE STRAND • TAC TGG GTG CTA CCC ACT • AUG ACC CAC GAU GGG UGA • Met-Thr-His-Asp-Gly • MUTATED STRAND • TAC AGG GTG CTA CCC ACT • AUG UCC CAC GAU GGG UGA • Met-Ser-His-Asp-Gly POINT MUTATION

  25. What type of Mutation? WILDTYPE STRAND • TAC TGG GTG CTA CCC ACT • AUG ACC CAC GAU GGG UGA • Met-Thr-His-Asp-Gly • MUTATED STRAND • TAC GGG TGC TAC CCA CT • AUG CCC ACG AUG GGU GA • Met-Pro-Thr-Met-Gly FRAMESHIFT - DELETION

  26. What type of Mutation? WILDTYPE STRAND • TAC TGG GTG CTA CCC ACT • AUG ACC CAC GAU GGG UGA • Met-Thr-His-Asp-Gly • MUTATED STRAND • TAC TGG GTG CTT ACC CAC T • AUG ACC CAC GAA UGG GUG A • Met-Thr-His-Glu-Trp-Val FRAMESHIFT - INSERTION

  27. 12/12 WARM-UP • Please get a Clicker and sign in.

  28. Agenda 12/12 • Trans & Mutation Clicker Check • DNA Booklet • Self-Notes p.14 • 4A Quiz 2 Tomorrow! • Booklet Due Monday • Standard 4A TUESDAY

  29. DNA Booklet Project p.16 Each page graded for completeness and accuracy of information. Page 1 DNA structure Page 2 Replication Page 3 Transcription Page 4 Translation

  30. Page 1: DNA structure (See Page 288-290) • Draw and label all the parts of a DNA molecule:show the phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, the 4 nitrogen bases • Hydrogen bonding between the bases • Which bases are purines/pyrimidines • A and G are purines, and C and T are pyrimidines • the shape of DNA as a double helix

  31. Page 2: DNA Replication (see page. 292-293) Draw the DNA molecule halfway unzipped • Label the nitrogen bases • Show how one side is copied by adding bases toward the replication fork. • Show how one side is copied by adding bases going away from the replication fork.

  32. Page 3: DNA Transcription (see page 296-298) • show the steps of transcription • show the complementary nucleotides of RNA being paired with the DNA bases • show that uracil is substituted for thymine • show that mRNA is being built with U-A and C-G nucleotides • show that mRNA leaves the nucleus with its “message”

  33. Page 4: DNA translation (See p. 300-301) • Show that this takes place in the cytoplasm and not in the nucleus of the cell • Show the ribosome clamped onto the mRNA strand • Show the letters of the bases on the mRNA strand • Show how tRNA binds to each codon and brings the correct amino acid to a growing chain of already added amino acids

  34. G Warm-up 12/13 Identify the following sequences as either frameshift or point mutations. Wild Type mRNA : AUG CGA CAG AAU GAU Sequence # 1 : AUG CAC AGA AUG AU Sequence # 2 : AUG CGA GAG AAU GAU Sequence # 3 : AUG CGA CAG AUA UGA U Sequence #1 = FRAMESHIFT- DELETION Sequence #2 = POINT MUTATION Sequence #3 = FRAMSHIFT - INSERTION

  35. Agenda 12/13 • 4A Quiz 2 • Self-Notes p.14 • Booklet Due Monday • Standard 4A TUESDAY

  36. Use Book to Fill in notes on p. 14

  37. 2. Chromosomal Mutations • Deletion - • Part of chromosome is left out • Insertion - • Extra genetic material is added, duplicates genes • Inversion – • Genetic material is out of order or inverted • Translocation – • Part of one chromosome is exchanged with another

  38. 3. Causes of Mutations pps. 306-307 • Spontaneous errors during DNA Replication • Caused by Mutagens- • High energy radiation • UV rays, x-rays, nuclear radiation • Can break DNA apart causing deletions • Chemicals • Dioxins, asbestos, benzene, cyanide, formaldehyde • Can cause changes or substitutions • High Temperatures

  39. nucleus cytoplasm

  40. Warm-up 12/14 • Name the three most common mutagens? • High energy radiation • UV rays, x-rays, nuclear radiation • Chemicals • Dioxins, asbestos, benzene, cyanide, formaldehyde • High Temperatures

  41. Agenda 12/14 • 4A Quiz 2 Back • Computer Lab • Computers- Use links on Darlak4science • Practice tests • Build a protein • 4A Review - optional for 2.5% extra credit if needed • Must be handed in on Tuesday for credit • Required to re-take standard • Can quietly work on Booklet at tables • Booklet Due Monday • Standard 4A TUESDAY

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