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Toulmin Model for Argument

The Toulmin Model for Argument provides a systematic approach to constructing persuasive claims by considering complications and incorporating qualifiers. This framework encourages critical thinking and evidence-based reasoning.

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Toulmin Model for Argument

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  1. Toulmin Model for Argument

  2. There are different ways of seeing major issues. Toulmin takes into account complications; allows us to qualify our thoughts

  3. Claims Arguments begin with a claim – a statement you hope to prove. This will be a position that others find controversial and debatable. * Can’t state a fact (12” = one foot) * Must be debatable (proved with logic or evidence)

  4. Claims are Statements A question: Is it a good idea to give River Dell’s incoming 9th graders laptops? A claim/statement: River Dell should issue all freshmen laptop computers.

  5. Data & Reasons Draw up a list of reasons to support your claim, or find evidence to back up that point. • Technology will be in the hands of every student • More books will be on the computer • Work will be done using technology

  6. Three Types of Data • Substantive: facts that can be verified • Motivational: Ideals and feelings • Authoritative: endorsed by a respected authority

  7. Data leads to the Claim

  8. Warrant • There must be a logical and persuasive connection between a claim and the reasons or data that support it. • Once you state the warrant you sometimes expose a fatal flaw.

  9. Warrant

  10. What is the Warrant? • Because your SAT scores are in the 98th percentile you will get into the college of your choice SINCE

  11. What is the Warrant? • Because Abigail eats well, exercises and doesn’t smoke, she is in excellent health SINCE

  12. What is the Warrant? • Because my brother, an incoming RD freshman is very responsible, RD should issue his class laptops SINCE:

  13. The need for QUALIFIERS Few it is possible Rarely it seems Some it may be Sometimes more or less In some cases many Most one might argue For the most part under these conditions possibly

  14. Add a qualifier: Because your SAT scores are in the 98th percentile you will get into the college of your choice since high SAT scores are an important part of the admissions process…… except in rare cases where a student has a criminal record

  15. Add a qualifier: Because Abigail eats well, exercises and doesn’t smoke, she is in excellent health since these habits are indicative of a healthy lifestyle … Since these habits are (in most cases) indicative of a healthy lifestyle…

  16. The Toulmin Model

  17. Carney Method Too often the data leaps right to the claim Thinking is minimal in many arguments. Pull elevated examples from many sources. You must choose a side (no fence sitters allowed) but resist the urge to prove yes/no or agree/disagree. Go beyond the T-chart.

  18. How to add thinking When you read the prompt think carefully about what you are being asked to prove. Define terms Ask questions about the theory or idea proposed Think: What I find most interesting about this discussion is…..

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