PM Monitoring

1. PM Monitoring Guest Speaker: Brandy Toft Leech Lake Ojibwe

2. Overview of PM session: • Overview of FRM/FEM/ARM status, requirements, and reporting • QC (routine checks, audits, and method-specific QC) for: • Filter and Continuous PM2.5 • Filter and Continuous PM10 • Minivols • General PM QC issues

3. FRM=Federal Reference MethodFEM = Federal Equivalent Methodnew list available as of 2/1: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/criteria/reference-equivalent-methods-list.pdf

4. For NAAQS • If comparing to standard, MUST use FRM or FEM; see 40 CFR 50.7 • Also look at Appendix C to 40 CFR Part 58 – Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Methodology • You may have purposes other than comparing to NAAQS, and you may want different types of instruments to suit your goals • Can use an FRM (class 1, filter-based), FEM class II (filter-based, like dichots), or FEM class III (continuous), or ARM (someday)

5. §50.7   NAAQS for Particulate Matter 2.5 Microns and Smaller • 6 PM2.5 continuous methods have been approved as FEMs • PM2.5 Continuous Monitoring http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/contmont.html • If PM2.5 continuous FEMs meet Part 53 criteria used to approve the instrument by comparing to collocated FRMs, EPA supports use of the continuous FEM as a Primary monitor (see spreadsheet for the calcs at above website)

6. Approved PM2.5 Class III FEMs • Met One BAM-1020 Monitor – EQPM-0308-170 • Thermo Scientific Model 5014i or FH62C14-DHS – EQPM-0609-183 • Thermo Scientific Model 5030 SHARP – EQPM-0609-184 • Thermo Scientific Series 8500C FDMS – EQPM-0609-181 • Thermo Scientific 1405-DF FDMS – EQPM-0609-182 • GRIMM Model EDM 180 PM2.5 Monitor – EQPM-0311-195

7. Summary of Operating PM2.5 FEMs:

8. ARMs ? • ARM = Approved Regional Method • No ARMs yet • Process of establishing an ARM is the same as an FEM, must collocate FRM and produce 90 + sample pairs per year with 20 ea season • Regional office must approve (natch)

9. 3 scenarios for PM2.5 continuous for NAAQS: • An approved FEM can be designated as primary • The FEM can be collocated with FRM, the FRM being primary • An ARM FEM can be approved (takes at least a year of operation to gather enough data, plus time for approval) • Approved primary FEM or ARM would then report to AQS as 88101, POC 3

10. PM 2.5 QC Overview: • See e-cfr, or: http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title40/40tab_02.tpl

11. Who can do these, and with what? General info on filter methods in guidance doc 2.12: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/pm25/qa/m212covd.pdf

12. PM2.5: • Same CFR requirements for filter (FRM-17 methods) and dichot (2 methods) and continuous (6 methods), although there are separate validation templates for filter, continuous & dichot • collocation: • if <= 3 sites, at least 1 FRM collocated with one FEM • 1/12 days for SLAMS, 1/6 for PSD • PEP five times each year if fewer than 5 sites • FR checks every 4 weeks(RP) with own stnd • FR audit every 6 months(RA) with outside stnd

13. §50.7   NAAQS for Particulate Matter 10 Microns and Smaller • FRM are all filter-based methods (40 CFR 50 App. J) • FEM includes continuous methods (40 CFR 53) • BOTH can be compared to the NAAQS for PM10 (40 CFR 50.7)

14. PM10 FRM: 2 Methods • Hi-vol (1130 lpm) method (used for TSP) with PM10 inlet that directs only PM10 to filter; guidance in EPA Handbook 2.11 • Lo-vol sampling at 16.7 L/m; see EPA Handbook 2.10; can be either: • Dichot method which split into PM2.5 and PM10; both filters are weighed • Lo-vol sampler (R&P, Andersen, and BGI all approved as FRM PM10) Both handbooks at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/qapollutant.html

15. PM10 FEM: 2 Methods • TEOMs • BAMs

16. PM 10 manual QC: (hi-vol or lo-vol doesn’t matter to the 15%)

17. PM 10 automated QC: Plus whatever your instrument manuals call for.

18. Who can do these, and with what?

19. Minivols: • As for all PM, it all hinges on flow rate and careful filter handling

20. General PM QC issues: • Laboratories! • The TAMS Center laboratory provides exemplary reports; examples available for you to urge your lab to copy (see COC forms in zipped folder) • Also ask for quarterly QC reports • TAMS gravimetric services: http://www4.nau.edu/tams/services/filterlab.asp • Flow rate standards must be verified annually, some guidance in Redbook http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/qapollutant.html • Data management (filters require chain of custody; see example COC forms for PEP program in session 7 folder)

21. More PM issues: • You may be using a non-FRM/FEM, so you can report to AQS using the non-regulatory guidance: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/memos/Non%20Regulatory%20Monitor%20Type%20Guidance.pdf • Flow rate and pressure calcs are made easier with free program: http://www.unitconverterpro.com/ • REPORT NEGATIVE VALUES: see your MDL in the table AQS_SplgMethodsFromToolbox.xls in session 7 folder: • TEOMs MDL ranges from -10 to -50 • BAMS MDL ranges from -10 to 4 mg/m3

22. QC forms specific to your instrument are available in EPA draft SOPs in course downloads folder:

23. Use resources available:

24. PM Monitoring Conclusions: • It ALL hangs on flow rate • PM2.5 PEP auditing necessary for NAAQS data • Your instrument may be able to do “better” than validation criteria, see your spec sheets