Animation Project

1. Animation Project

2. Animation 13 Competition

3. What are the two different types of animation? Pair Share Think

4. Different types of animations • Stop-Motion • Computer generated

5. What is Animation? • Working with the person next to you, write a definition of animation. • You cannot use any resources (dictionary, Internet, etc). • You must come up with the definition by yourselves. • You will be sharing your definition with the rest of the class. • Write your definition in your notes.

6. What is Animation? • Animation is the art of creating a series of images that create the appearance of movement when played in rapid succession over time. • Movement makes static drawings come alive. • It is the quality of the movement (the life) that matters, not the quality of a particular image or drawing or frame of film. • Whether it is a drawing or a lump of clay, the animator places life and meaning into the material by making it move!

7. CGI • Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is the application of computer graphics to create or contribute to images in art, printed media, video games, films, television programs, commercials, simulators and simulation generally. • The visual scenes may be dynamic or static, and may be 2D or 3D, though the term "CGI" is most commonly used to refer to 3D computer graphics used for creating scenes or special effects in films and television.

8. What does it take to be an Animator? • A fascination with the way things move. • Sharp observational skills • A willingness to be an actor! • Problem solving skills • Lots of patience • A little bit of perseverance!

9. Animation Skills SELF-MANAGEMENT SEQUENCING NEW SOFTWARE SKILL PLANNING LOGIC TEAM WORK PROBLEM SOLVING CREATIVITY Presentation Skills STORYBOARDING

10. History of Animation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzZwiLUVaKg&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fSXhoCCggB8 • Who made the first animation? • When was the first animation created? • How were the early animations made? • What was the first 3D computer-generated animation? • What is CGI?

11. Animation keywords. • Stop-motion • Computer animation • CGI • Flash • 3D/ 2D • Mesh • Skeletons • Keyframing • Tweening • Rig • Mesh

12. Where is animation used? Pair Share Think

13. Animation is used… • Children’s cartoons, • Films • Gaming • Architecture • Medical simulations

14. Task • Create a short video of between 1 and 2 minutes that shows the history of animation or the timeline of CGI in the movies. • The video must include: • Definition of: Animation and ‘what is CGI’ • Appropriate images • Text that provides information • Interesting transitions • Titles, subtitles and credits

15. Information Sheet: Stop-motion Stop motion (also known as stop frame) is an animation technique to make a physically manipulated object appear to move on its own. The object is moved in small increments between individually photographed frames, creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames is played as a continuous sequence. Dolls with movable joints or clay figures are often used in stop motion for their ease of repositioning. Stop motion animation using plasticine is called clay animation or "clay-motion". Not all stop motion requires figures or models; many stop motion films can involve using humans, household appliances and other things for comedic effect. Stop motion animation utilises this incremental change process in its own special way. Traditionally a movie film camera was started and stopped, one frame at a time. While the camera was stopped an animator would adjust the figure or object the camera was pointing at. The camera would film another frame - this would continue until all the animation was filmed Stop motion animation can be thought of as just a series of still photographs. Objects or puppets are moved and filmed frame by frame to simulate movement. Films like the original King Kong and Star Wars made heavy use of stop motion animation using miniatures and puppets. This was the only way to bring objects that cannot move by themselves to life on screen. The advent of computer generated imagery has removed stop motion animation from the mainstream but its unique effect and the realistic textures it brings (since actual materials are used in filming) means it will not die out anytime soon. It is still widely used in artistic films, shorts, and commercials.Notable feature-length films all done in stop motion animation and released in the “CGI boom era” are: • Tim Burton’s Corpse Bride (2005) • Chicken Run (2000) • Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) • Coraline (2009) Its low entry price, and still unique "look" and "feel" on film means stop motion is still used on some projects such as in children's programming, as well as in commercials and comic shows such as Robot Chicken. The argument that the textures achieved with CGI cannot match the way real textures are captured by stop motion also makes it valuable for a handful of movie makers, notably Tim Burton, whose puppet-animated film Corpse Bride was released in 2005.

16. Information Sheet: Computer Animation Computer animation is the process used for generating animated images by using computer graphics. The more general term computer generated imagery encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images, while computer animation only refers to moving images. Modern computer animation usually uses 3D computer graphics, although 2D computer graphics are still used for stylistic, low bandwidth, and faster real-time renderings. Sometimes the target of the animation is the computer itself, but sometimes the target is another medium, such as film. Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to the stop motion techniques used in traditional animation with 3D models and frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations. Computer generated animations are more controllable than other more physically based processes, such as constructing miniatures for effects shots or hiring extras for crowd scenes, and because it allows the creation of images that would not be feasible using any other technology. It can also allow a single graphic artist to produce such content without the use of actors, expensive set pieces, or props. To create the illusion of movement, an image is displayed on the computer screen and repeatedly replaced by a new image that is similar to it, but advanced slightly in time (usually at a rate of 24 or 30 frames/second). This technique is identical to how the illusion of movement is achieved with television and motion pictures. For 3D animations, objects (models) are built on the computer monitor (modelled) and 3D figures are rigged with a virtual skeleton. For 2D figure animations, separate objects (illustrations) and separate transparent layers are used, with or without a virtual skeleton. Then the limbs, eyes, mouth, clothes, etc. of the figure are moved by the animator on key frames. The differences in appearance between key frames are automatically calculated by the computer in a process known as tweening or morphing. Finally, the animation is rendered. For 3D animations, all frames must be rendered after modelling is complete. For 2D vector animations, the rendering process is the key frame illustration process, while tweened frames are rendered as needed. For pre-recorded presentations, the rendered frames are transferred to a different format or medium such as film or digital video. The frames may also be rendered in real time as they are presented to the end-user audience. Low bandwidth animations transmitted via the internet (e.g. 2D Flash, X3D) often use software on the end-users computer to render in real time as an alternative to streaming or pre-loaded high bandwidth animations.

17. Information Sheet: CGI Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is the application of computer graphics to create or contribute to images in art, printed media, video games, films, television programs, commercials, simulators and simulation generally. The visual scenes may be dynamic or static, and may be 2D or 3D, though the term "CGI" is most commonly used to refer to 3D computer graphics used for creating scenes or special effects in films and television. The term computer animation refers to dynamic CGI rendered as a movie. The term virtual world refers to agent-based, interactive environments. Computer graphics software is used to make computer-generated imagery for movies, etc. Recent availability of CGI software and increased computer speeds have allowed individual artists and small companies to produce professional-grade films, games, and fine art from their home computers. This has brought about an internet subculture with its own set of global celebrities, clichés, and technical vocabulary. Not only do animated images form part of computer-generated imagery, natural looking landscapes, such as fractal landscapes are also generated via computer algorithms. Modern architects use services from computer graphic firms to create 3-dimensional models for both customers and builders. These computer generated models can be more accurate than traditional drawings. Computer generated models used in skeletal animation are not always anatomically correct, however, organizations such as the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute have developed anatomically correct computer-based models. While computer generated images of landscapes may be static, the term computer animation only applies to dynamic images that resemble a movie. However, in general the term computer animation refers to dynamic images that do not allow user interaction, and the term virtual world is used for the interactive animated environments. Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to the art of stop motion animation of 3D models and frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations. Computer generated animations are more controllable than other more physically based processes, such as constructing miniatures for effects shots or hiring extras for crowd scenes, and because it allows the creation of images that would not be feasible using any other technology. It can also allow a single graphic artist to produce such content without the use of actors, expensive set pieces, or props. To create the illusion of movement, an image is displayed on the computer screen and repeatedly replaced by a new image that is similar to the previous image, but advanced slightly in the time domain (usually at a rate of 24 or 30 frames/second). This technique is identical to how the illusion of movement is achieved with television and motion pictures.

18. Information Sheet: Uncanny Valley The uncanny valley is a hypothesis in the field of robotics[1] and 3D computer animation,[2][3] which holds that when human replicas look and act almost, but not perfectly, like actual human beings, it causes a response of revulsion among human observers. The "valley" refers to the dip in a graph of the comfort level of humans as a function of a robot's human likeness. Mori's original hypothesis states that as the appearance of a robot is made more human, a human observer's emotional response to the robot will become increasingly positive and empathic, until a point is reached beyond which the response quickly becomes that of strong revulsion. However, as the robot's appearance continues to become less distinguishable from that of a human being, the emotional response becomes positive once more and approaches human-to-human empathy levels. This area of repulsive response aroused by a robot with appearance and motion between a "barely human" and "fully human" entity is called the uncanny valley. The name captures the idea that an almost human-looking robot will seem overly "strange" to a human being, will produce a feeling of uncanniness, and will thus fail to evoke the empathic response required for productive human-robot interaction

19. Examples of animation • Stop-motion – Button Moon / Flumps • Computer animation – SIGGRAPH 2008 Computer Animation Festival Preview • CGI – Avatar http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzPeMSn7MGw • Uncanny valley - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNdAIPoh8a4

20. Design Brief-CampaignEducating Through Animation • You will be creating a 1 min animation to be shown on children’s TV and popular children’s websites. These short animations will be used to inform young people know about one of the following topics: • E-safety • The benefits of healthy lifestyles and exercise • Eco-friendly homes and lifestyles • Climate change • History of gaming • Use of ICT in sports education • Artificial Intelligence (AI) • Charity Work (Support Materials Available) • Role of technology in health care

21. Tasks • Plan characters and a short-animation using mind maps and storyboards • Create 2D and 3D characters for your animation • Create a short-animation • Use a range of software for this task: Fireworks, Photoshop & Flash • Present and evaluate your work • Enter your animation to the ANIMATION 13 competition • Time is short – you have 8 weeks to complete this assignment.

22. You will need to choose one of the following charities: • Charity 1: The Prince's Trust is a youth charity that helps change young lives. • Charity 2: UNICEFis the world's leading children's charity protecting the rights of children and young people. • Charity 3: Help for Heroes is a charity formed to help those who have been wounded in Britain's current conflicts.

23. Concept Design Planning • Mood boards • Rough sketches of one or more graphics for your animation • Annotated storyboards • Feedback from a classmate to improve your concept design

24. Mood Board

25. Theme and styles • Theme: • Space – futuristic- Mars • Earth – Mountains – Grand Canyon National Park • Urban – graffiti – skateboarding – street • http://www.graffiticreator.net/ • Colours • Tools and graphical effects • Typeface (i.e. Scores)

26. Annotating your storyboard • Audience and Purpose • Use of colour • Use of bitmap and vector tools • Graphical effects • File type • Size • Resolution • In general web file resolution is 72 dpi, or dots per inch. • Print work requires at least 300 dpi resolution for photo images. These files can be rather large in file size.

27. Font Style http://www.mega80s.com/ Fill Effect http://www.mega80s.com/ Space Invader Stoke Colour #FF6992 Fill Colour #FF5722 Fill Effect Fill Effect: Shape Edge: Feather (3) Shape fill: Gradient Ellipse Colours: #9933CC (purple) #E70CF3 (pink) #3333CC(blue) http://www.mega80s.com/

28. Colour Scheme • Color Schemes Picker • http://wellstyled.com/tools/colorscheme2/index-en.html

29. Storyboarding • All • Create at least 6 scenes • Basic drawings and some notes Level 3/ 4 • Most • Develop scenes and story Level 5 • Describe what will happen in the scenes, different animation effects, and sounds • Some Level 6/7 • Detailed storyboards suitable for purpose and audience

31. Sound effects/Music Characters Speech Describe animation effects – fade, rotate, facial expressions Plot/ Story

33. Creating a cartoon character http://animation.about.com/od/flashanimationtutorials/ss/flashlesson5_2.htm

34. missallgar-iteach.org

35. Developing your flash animation skills • All Level 3/ 4 • Use layers, key frames and drawing tools • Use a movie clip • Change colours and effects • At least one shape tween effect • Most Level 5 • Use more than one shape tween animation • Some Level 6/7 • know the difference between motion and shape tweening effects

36. Creating your characters and scene objects • All Level 3/ 4 • Create at least 3 symbols in the library • Add a background to your stage • Use brush tool and change colours • Most Level 5 • Use a range of tools (including brush, spray can, pen tool, bucket tool) • Some Level 6/7 • Tracing images using the pen tool

37. Creating an animation • All Level 3/ 4 • Create at least 3 symbols in the library • Add a background to your stage • Add symbols to the timeline using frame-by-frame animation • Use Onion skin • Most Level 5 • Create frame-by-frame animated faces or changing shapes/legs/arms • Classic Tweening effects • Changing backgrounds and scenes • Sound effects/music • Some Level 6/7 • Advanced animation effects – fade effects and use the bone tool • Synchronising sound effects

38. Evaluatingan animation • All Level 3/ 4 Identify some good points and at least one improvement on the animation and presentation • Most Level 5 Identify a range of good points and areas for improvement • Some Level 6/7 Complete both a self-evaluation and peer-review

39. Sketch out your idea on paper

40. Use images to trace or scan your drawing in • Find an image of a celebrity to trace

41. Trace the image in Photoshop to create a vector graphicWatch: http://youtu.be/DD465EpG24Y

42. Split the character into parts and different facial expressions • it's important to remember that most motion happens through rotation at pivot points rather than through vertical or horizontal movement. Limbs move in arcs.

43. Facial Expressions

44. Lip Syncing

45. Import into Flash • Go to INSERT>NEW SYMBOL – as a movie clip and give it a suitable name • At this point we'll need to IMPORT the photoshop file into Flash to the stage so that all of the parts into Flash are as separate pieces. • Or you can create your drawing in Flash • It's very important to break your facial features down into separate files.

46. Covert Parts to Vector shapes • Select the different parts • Modify->Trace Bitmap

47. Bone Tool • To move different parts you can anchor points using the bone tool. • This is a way of giving your character a skeleton Bone Tool

48. To make a New Symbol if made on the stage • When you have finished making your character • Select all Layers using Ctrl key and click to select all layers • Right click and cut all layers • Click on INSERT> NEW Symbol – as a movie clip – give it a suitable name • Paste all layers on to the timeline • You now have a copy in your library

49. Time to animate • See Tutorial • When using the bone tool to animate – • Right click on frame and Insert Pose • Then Move into next position

50. Importing Sound • Go to findsounds.com and save a sound file by right-clicking on download icon • Record your voice by using AUDACITY software – remember to save your file as a wave file • Add music – go to x-drive>ICT>Media files • See Tutorial