Four Worlds of History

1. Four Worlds of History Attention all recipients of this file: First, thank you for opening this powerpoint and considering using it!  Whether the file was sent to you directly from Teresa or relayed by a colleague, CALIS and USC rely on your professionalism for proper credits and sourcing: Materials developed by or through CALIS are made available online via a database that serves as a digital file cabinet of teaching resources. The Activities Database is a free and unrestricted collection. When teachers or other CALIS partners write, adapt, or collaborate on materials—they are cited. The source information includes their affiliated schools or organizations. As others download and further adapt these materials—all credit and source lines, for teachers as well of for CALIS–USC, should remain in tact as published. This file is provides an “inference exercise” using a 4W chart to outline information from a textbook. Slides that refer directly to items on the Activities Database have the item referenced. The “Four Worlds” framework is an analytical process. The development of ppt files is an attempt to more easily introduce the process – and the purpose – to interested teachers. Your collaboration is GREATLY appreciated. Teresa Hudock, Director, CALIS 213-740-7794 or calis@usc.edu usc.edu/calis First Edition: December 16, 2011 Revised Edition: Nov 27, 2012 Slide Count: 66

2. Four Worlds of History Modern World History10th grade Imperialism

3. Four Worlds of History Modern World History10th grade Table of Contents  Main Items & Issues 4 – Social Science Factors – the Four Worlds analysis… and other factors 7 – Inference Exercise – “Active Reading” of expository text  finding meaning 30 – Synthesis Question 1 – What was Western Europe’s imperial quest? 33 – Imperialism / Imperialism vs. Colonialism / Imperialism in Historical Context 39 – Synthesis Question 2 – Who are the actors in new imperialism of the 1800s? 54 – Evaluation Question – The point of examining all the details, factors & dynamics 56 – Goals of the Social Sciences

4. Four Worlds of History Social Science Factors These constantly reoccurring basic factors of the human condition are important to recognize regardless of how they are described

5. Four Worlds of History Social Science Factors Identifying factors, relating factors, and determining the “most important" factors is the science of the social sciences . social sciences the science

6. Four Worlds of History Social Science Factors In addition to factors in Four Worlds, --political, economic, social, and cultural-- there are other sets of factors that affect all Four Worlds: geography …the natural world technology …the world of invention character …the personal world

7. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 Economic World Political World Cultural World Social World

8. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 Economic World Political World “Like other key developments in world history, the new imperialism exploded out of a combination of causes.” Cultural World Social World page 286

9. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 Economic World Political World “Like other key developments in world history, the new imperialism exploded out of a combination of causes.” new imperialism Cultural World Social World causes page 286 See factors: reference sheets 1 and 2

10. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 Economic World Political World Page 287 offers four paragraphs: ■ Economic Interests ■ Political & Military Motives ■ Humanitarian & Religious Goals ■ Applying Social Darwinism Cultural World Social World 10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the Philippines. 1. Describe the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonialism (e.g., the role played by national security and strategic advantage; moral issues raised by the search for national hegemony, Social Darwinism, and the missionary impulse; material issues such as land, resources, and technology). CST blueprint: 10.4.1 is an “A” standard

11. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Economic Interests” Economic World Political World Cultural World Social World

12. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Economic Interests” Economic World Political World Industrial Revolution manufacturers needs & desires Cultural World Social World

13. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Economic Interests” Economic World Political World Industrial Revolution manufacturers needs & desires access to natural resources new markets of consumers bankers (investors) ventures profits Cultural World Social World

14. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Economic Interests” Economic World Political World Industrial Revolution manufacturers needs & desires access to natural resources new markets of consumers bankers (investors) ventures profits Cultural World Social World Europe’s growing population

15. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Economic Interests” Economic World Political World Industrial Revolution manufacturers needs & desires access to natural resources new markets of consumers bankers (investors) ventures profits “valuable outlet” Cultural World Social World Europe’s growing population

16. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Economic Interests” Economic World Political World Industrial Revolution manufacturers Colonies Colonies provide… means of access to natural resources natural resources production new markets of consumers consumers bankers (investors) ventures profits prosperity “valuable outlet” land Cultural World Social World Europe’s growing population demographic pressures See factors: reference sheets 1 and 2

17. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Political & Military Motives” Economic World Political World Cultural World Social World

18. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Political & Military Motives” Economic World Political World Industrial Revolution “Political and military issues were closely linked to economic motives.” bases for naval vessels merchant ships and steam-powered supplies coal Western leaders national security seized islands harbors prestige Cultural World Social World

19. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Political & Military Motives” Economic World Political World Industrial Revolution “Political and military issues were closely linked to economic motives.” prosperity Colonies Colonies provide… trade military bases for naval vessels merchant ships and steam-powered supplies coal power/energy Western leaders resources national security security infrastructure power seized islands harbors prestige Cultural World Social World

20. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Political & Military Motives” Economic World Political World Industrial Revolution “Political and military issues were closely linked to economic motives.” prosperity Colonies Colonies provide… trade military bases for naval vessels merchant ships and steam-powered supplies coal power/energy Western leaders resources national security security infrastructure power seized islands harbors prestige Cultural World Social World nationalism See factors: reference sheets 1 and 2

21. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Political & Military Motives” Economic World Political World Industrial Revolution “Political and military issues were closely linked to economic motives.” Colonies Colonies provide… trade military bases for naval vessels merchant ships and steam-powered supplies coal power/energy Western leaders resources national security security power prosperity prestige Cultural World Social World pride nationalism loyalty identity See factors: reference sheets 1 and 2

22. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Humanitarian & Religious Goals” Economic World Political World Cultural World Social World

23. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Humanitarian & Religious Goals” Economic World Political World Cultural World Social World humanitarian religious & concern duty for “little brothers” blessings of Western civilization

24. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Humanitarian & Religious Goals” Economic World Political World Cultural World Social World humanitarian religious & beliefs concern duty values for “little brothers” Colonies Colonies needed… blessings of Western civilization customs practices See factors: reference sheets 1 and 2

25. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Humanitarian & Religious Goals” Economic World Political World Cultural World Social World humanitarian religious & beliefs concern duty values patriarchal hierarchical for “little brothers” paternal ethnocentric Colonies Colonies needed… blessings of Western civilization customs practices See factors: reference sheets 1 and 2

26. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Applying Social Darwinism” Economic World Political World Cultural World Social World

27. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Applying Social Darwinism” Economic World Political World Cultural World Social World racial superiority Social Darwinism domination of weaker races West’s civilizing mission improvement of the human species

28. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Applying Social Darwinism” Economic World Political World Cultural World Social World racial superiority beliefs values Social Darwinism hierarchical domination of weaker races racism West’s civilizing mission improvement of the human species See factors: reference sheets 1 and 2

29. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 “Applying Social Darwinism” Economic World Political World Cultural World Social World racial superiority beliefs values Social Darwinism hierarchical domination of weaker races racism West’s civilizing mission Colonies Colonies needed… improvement of the human species assimilation conformity homogeneity See factors: reference sheets 1 and 2

30. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 Economic World Political World Studying each context, is any one factor or world the primary cause of imperialism? The is the root cause of imperialism? cause and effect imperialism Cultural World Social World What are secondary or contributing causes?

31. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 Economic World Political World Given the many factors involved, what is the best approach to end imperialism? problem-solving imperialism Cultural World Social World

32. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 Economic World Political World What was Western Europe’s imperial quest? imperial Cultural World Social World See factors: reference sheet 3

33. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 Economic World Political World security prosperity What was Western Europe’s imperial quest? imperial Cultural World Social World equity meaning See factors: reference sheet 3

34. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 Economic World Political World conquest exploitation for its own for its own security prosperity What was Western Europe’s imperial quest? imperial Cultural World Social World control domination for its own without equity meaning See factors: reference sheet 3

35. Imperialism “Imperialism, as defined by Dictionary of Human Geography, is "the creation and/or maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination." The imperialism of the last 500 years, as described by the above work is primarily a western undertaking that employs "expansionist – mercantilism and latterly communist – systems." Geographical domains have included the German Empire, the Mongolian Empire, the Roman Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Portuguese Empire, the Spanish Empire, the Dutch Empire, the Persian Empire, the French Empire, the American Empire, the Russian Empire, the Soviet Empire, the Chinese Empire and the British Empire, but the term can equally be applied to domains of knowledge, beliefs, values and expertise, such as the empires of Christianity (see Christendom) or Islam (see Caliphate). Imperialism is usually autocratic, and also sometimes monolithic (i.e. having a massive, unchanging structure that does not allow individual variation) in character. It can be relatively benign as in Canada, or murderously brutal as in the Congo Free State. "Imagine the output of the whole vast State!" http://chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/i2l/kls.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialism-- Dec 21, 2011

36. Imperialism “Imperialism, as defined by Dictionary of Human Geography, is "the creation and/or maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination." unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship domination subordination The imperialism of the last 500 years, as described by the above work is primarily a western undertaking that employs "expansionist – mercantilism and latterly communist – systems." Geographical domains have included the German Empire, the Mongolian Empire, the Roman Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Portuguese Empire, the Spanish Empire, the Dutch Empire, the Persian Empire, the French Empire, the American Empire, the Russian Empire, the Soviet Empire, the Chinese Empire and the British Empire, but the term can equally be applied to domains of knowledge, beliefs, values and expertise, such as the empires of Christianity (see Christendom) or Islam (see Caliphate). Imperialism is usually autocratic, and also sometimes monolithic (i.e. having a massive, unchanging structure that does not allow individual variation) in character. It can be relatively benign as in Canada, or murderously brutal as in the Congo Free State. mercantilism term can be equally applied to knowledge beliefs values expertise autocratic monolithic relatively benign or murderously brutal "Imagine the output of the whole vast State!" http://chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/i2l/kls.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialism-- Dec 21, 2011

37. Imperialism vs. Colonialism The term 'imperialism' should not be confused with ‘colonialism’ as it often is. Edward Said suggested that imperialism involved “the practice, the theory and the attitudes of a dominating metropolitan centre ruling a distant territory’”. He goes on to say colonialism refers to the “implanting of settlements on a distant territory”. Robert Young supports this thinking as he puts forward that imperialism operates from the center, it is a state policy, and is developed for ideological as well as financial reasons whereas colonialism is nothing more than development for settlement or commercial intentions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialism-- Dec 21, 2011

38. Imperialism vs. Colonialism The term 'imperialism' should not be confused with ‘colonialism’ as it often is. Edward Said suggested that imperialism involved “the practice, the theory and the attitudes of a dominating metropolitan centre ruling a distant territory’”. He goes on to say colonialism refers to the “implanting of settlements on a distant territory”. imperialism dominating ruling Robert Young supports this thinking as he puts forward that imperialism operates from the center, it is a state policy, and is developed for ideological as well as financial reasons whereas colonialism is nothing more than development for settlement or commercial intentions. colonialism settlement commercial intentions http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialism-- Dec 21, 2011

39. Imperialism in Historical Context early colonialism e.g. Ancient Greece Mediterranean settlements early imperialism 15th to 17th century Age of Exploration ongoing colonialism 19th & early 20th centuries New Imperialism American Imperialism late 19th & early 20th centuries Neo-Imperialism North-South relations —the colonial legacy

40. Imperialism in Historical Context Neo-Imperialism North-South relations —the colonial legacy 1945 – to the present? Lack of development and mal-development of colonies meant that they were “behind” once they won their independence. The period of decolonization after WWII gave birth to over 100 new nations (the South) that had not industrialized like imperial powers of Europe and the United States (the North). Former colonies were desperately behind in both political and economic development. The North was able to continue its dominance and exploitation of the South through unequal diplomatic and trade relations. East-West relations —the cold war legacy 1945 – to the present? The period of decolonization was also the beginning of the Cold War—the superpower struggle between the United States and its allies (the West) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and its allies (the East). Both the US and USSR went “fishing in troubled waters” of the new nations that were not yet politically stable. The Americans and Soviets would take opposite sides whether it meant giving arms to dictators or violent rebel groups. Fueling constant war or staunch oppression would slow or stop political and economic development.

41. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 Economic World Political World Who are the actors in imperialism of the 1800s? actors Cultural World Social World class status privilege

42. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 stated Economic World Political World manufacturers consumers Western leaders bankers colonial officials rival nations actors Cultural World Social World class status humanitarians Westerners privilege Christian missionaries millions of non-Westerners “little brothers”

43. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 stated implied Economic World Political World manufacturers consumers Western leaders bankers colonial officials investors rival nations merchants actors Cultural World Social World class status humanitarians Westerners privilege racists Christian missionaries millions of non-Westerners “little brothers”

44. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 stated implied Economic World Political World inferred manufacturers consumers bankers Western leaders tyrants workers investors colonial officials slave labor merchants rival nations slave traders actors Cultural World Social World class status humanitarians Westerners privilege racists Christian missionaries elite wealthy millions of non-Westerners slaves “little brothers”

45. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 stated implied Economic World Political World inferred manufacturers consumers bankers Western leaders tyrants workers investors colonial officials slave labor merchants rival nations slave traders * What can happen if a combination of actors is the same person? actors Cultural World Social World add other actors/roles as they arise class status humanitarians Westerners privilege racists Christian missionaries elite wealthy millions of non-Westerners slaves “little brothers”

46. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 Economic World Political World King Leopold II Which roles describe this actor? Cultural World Social World

47. “And Yes, they go on telling everything, these chatterers! They tell how I levy incredibly burdensome taxes upon the natives – taxes which are a pure theft; taxes which they must satisfy by gathering rubber under hard and constantly harder conditions, and by raising and furnishing food supplies gratis – and it all comes out that, when they fall short of their tasks through hunger, sickness, despair, and ceaseless and exhausting labor without rest, and forsake their homes and flee to the woods to escape punishment, my black soldiers, drawn from unfriendly tribes, and instigated and directed by my Belgians, hunt them down and butcher them and burn their villages – reserving some of the girls. They tell it all: how I am wiping a nation of friendless creatures out of existence by every form of murder, for my private pocket’s sake, and how every shilling I get costs a rape, a mutilation or a life. But they never say, although they know it, that I have labored in the cause of religion at the same time and all the time, and have sent missionaries there (of a “convenient stripe,” as they phrase it), to teach them the error of their ways and bring them to Him who is all mercy and love, and who is the sleepless guardian and friend of all who suffer. They tell only what is against me, they will not tell what is in my favor. King Leopold's Soliloquy: A Defense of His Congo Rule By Mark Twain Boston: The P. R. Warren Co., 1905. http://sourcebook.fsc.edu/history/twain.html "They only tell what is against me." http://chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/i2l/kls.html

48. “And were the fault-finders frank with my private character? They could not be more so if I were a plebeian, a peasant, a medianic. They remind the world that from the earliest days my house has been chapel and brothel combined, and both industries working full time; that I practiced cruelties upon my queen and my daughters, and supplemented them with daily shame and humiliations… “It is as I have said: they are unfair, unjust; they will resurrect and give new currency to such things as those, or to any other things that count against me, but they will not mention any act of mine that is in my favor. I have spent more money on art than any other monarch of my time, and they know it. Do they speak of it, do they tell about it? No, they do not. They prefer to work up what they call “ghastly statistics” into offensive kindergarten object lessons, whose purpose is to make sentimental people shudder, and prejudice them against me. They remark that “if the innocent blood shed in the Congo State by King Leopold were put in buckets and the buckets placed side by side, the line would stretch 2,000 miles; if the skeletons of his ten millions of starved and butchered dead could rise up and march in single file, it would take them seven months and four days to pass a given point; if compacted together in a body, they would occupy more ground than St. Louis covers, World’s Fair and all; if they should all clap their bony hands at once, the grisly crash would be heard at a distance of –” Damnation, it makes me tired! King Leopold's Soliloquy - continued

49. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 Economic World Political World * What can happen if a combination of actors is the same person? King Leopold II Cultural World Social World

50. What factors contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s? factors imperialism Standards Check H-SS 10.4.1 textbook: World History: The Modern World, Prentice Hall, 2007– page 287 Economic World Political World Cecil Rhodes Which roles describe this actor? Cultural World Social World