During Darwin’s time, many people believed that

1. During Darwin’s time, many people believed that • the earth constantly changed • organisms changed • the earth and its organisms did not change • the earth was millions of years old

2. Changes in the DNA of an organism are termed • selective breeding • genes • mutations • nucleotides

3. The best place to look for fossils would be in _____ rocks. • igneous • volcanic • metamorphic • sedimentary

4. which layer of rock will contain the oldest fossils? A B C D E  Nearest Earth’s Surface

5. Layer B contains few fossils. However, layer C contains abundant fossils. Which of the following choices do you think best explains this observation • Rock layer B is not old enough to contain fossils. • A large asteroid hit the earth causing a mass extinction. • A climate change occurred that did not support the abundant life that existed previously. • None of these options will make a good hypothesis.

6. After each spraying of a pesticide, 1% of the cockroach population survived to reproduce. Which statement would be true about the spraying? • The pesticide is working and should be continued to destroy the population of cockroaches. • The pesticide has no effect upon the cockroach population. • The cockroach population can become resistant to the future effects of the pesticide. • The pesticide is keeping the population under control and out of sight, but never completely destroyed.

7. Why do all pesticides become ineffective after several seasons? • The chemicals go bad. • The roaches eat the spray. • The roaches migrate. • The roach population evolves resistance to the spray.

8. Which of the following phrases best describes the results of natural selection? • variation found among organisms in populations • unrelated but similar looking species living in different locations • organisms producing more offspring than the amount needed to replace just the parents • living organisms struggling to survive

9. The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. Most biologists would probably explain this fact on the basis of • the needs of the organisms. • the struggle for existence. • the inheritance of acquired traits. • a common ancestor.

10. In genetic drift, allele frequencies change because of • mutations. • chance. • natural selection. • genetic equilibrium.

11. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Linnaeus’ system for naming organisms? • binomial nomenclature • multi-part name describing many traits • name that identifies the organism’s genus • name that identifies the organism’s unique species

12. Which allele must be present in two copies for a particular form of a trait to be expressed? • recessive • homologous • incomplete • dominant

13. In the cross TT x tt, what percentage of pea plants are short? • 0 • 50 • 25 • 100

14. In the cross Tt x tt, what percentage of pea plants are tall? • 25 • 75 • 50 • 100

15. A cross of a black chicken (BB) with a white chicken (WW) produces all black and white speckled offspring (BW). This type of inheritance is known as • incomplete dominance • polygenic traits • codominance • multiple alleles

16. If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is • 12 • 6 • 24 • 3

17. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of • diploid cells • haploid cells • 2N daughter cells • body cells

18. Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive disorder. What would be the genotype of an individual who is healthy but carries the allele for Tay-Sachs? • Rr • RR • XRXr • rr • XRY

19. Hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive trait. A man with hemophilia marries a woman who does not have any symptoms of the disease. They have a daughter who shows symptoms of hemophilia. What are the genotypes of the parents? • XHXh and XhXh • XHYh and XhXh • XHXh and XhY • XHXH and XhY

20. A color blind woman marries a man who has normal vision. Which answer best describes the vision of their children? (Color blindness is a sex-linked trait.) • Males will be color-blind; females will be carriers, • Males will have normal vision; females will be carriers. • Males have a 50 percent chance of being color-blind; females will have normal vision. • Males will be color-blind; females have a 50% chance of being color-blind.

21. The ABO blood groups of humans are determined by 3 alleles. A and B are dominant alleles; O is a recessive allele. A mother of blood group O has a group O child. What could the father be? • O only • A or B • AB only • A, B, or O • none of the these

22. Which disorder is the result of nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes? • Tuner’s Syndrome • Down Syndrome • Klinefelter’s Syndrome • A & C only • none of these

23. The amount of adenine in DNA equals the amount of • thymine. • guanine. • uracil. • cytosine

24. Part of the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule is copied onto mRNA during which process? • translation • transcription • replication • duplication

25. Process in which mRNA is decoded into a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide (protein). • translation • transcription • replication • duplication

26. Process in which DNA is copied during the synthesis phase of the cell cycle. • translation • transcription • replication • duplication

27. In translation, what is the product coded for by mRNA nucleotides? • nucleic acids • proteins • carbohydrates • fat

28. The part labeled #1 is a • sugar. • nitrogen base. • phosphate group. • hydrogen bond.

29. The part labeled #2 is a • sugar. • nitrogen base. • phosphate group. • hydrogen bond.

30. The part labeled #3 is a • nitrogen acid pair. • nitrogen base pair. • mutation. • gene.

31. GOOD LUCK on all your finals!!! • Study hard. • Don’t forget to bring your book!