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Topic : Classification Aim : Describe characteristics of each of the six kingdoms. Do Now :

This text aims to describe the characteristics of each of the six kingdoms of life: Archaea, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals. It also explores the levels of classification and how the number and similarity of organisms change as we move down the levels. The text highlights examples and interesting facts about each kingdom.

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Topic : Classification Aim : Describe characteristics of each of the six kingdoms. Do Now :

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  1. Topic: Classification Aim: Describe characteristics of each of the six kingdoms. Do Now: • Take out your Kingdoms Recall Notes • Take out the Bacteria ISA. • Identify the TAXON that contains organisms that are VERY SIMILAR. How similar are they??? HW: Kingdoms Review Entry Card Castle Learning Microscope Review – Due Tuesday, January 5th.

  2. Identify the 7 levels of classification.

  3. Describe what occurs to the number of organisms in each level as you move down the levels.

  4. Describe what occurs to the similarity between organisms in each level as you move down the levels.

  5. Before Linnaeus developed his naming system, plants and animals were named by a series of Latin words that described the physical appearance of the organism. This was very confusing. For example, let’s look at the first name of the honey bee. Apis pubescens, thorace subgriseo, abdomine fusco, pedibus posticis glabris utrinque margine ciliatus. This means “fuzzy bee, light gray middle, brown body, smooth hind legs that have a small bag edged with tiny hairs.” Linnaeus named it Apis mellifera which means “honey-bearing bee.”

  6. Is their a taxon that is LARGER than a KINGDOM????

  7. Domain Eukaryota include protists and the cells that make up fungi, plants, animals. Domain Bacteria is familiar to most people when associated with human or animal disease. However, there are many bacterial species do not (and cannot) cause disease. Many species even play beneficial roles by producing antibiotics and food. The soil teems with free-living bacteria that perform many essential functions in the biosphere, e.g. nitrogen fixation. Domain Archaea wasn't recognized as a major domain of life until quite recently. Scientists were studying different prokaryotes and found that there were 2 different groups: those that lived at high temperatures or produced methane clustered together as a group. Because of their difference in genetic makeup, scientists proposed that life be divided into 3 domains.

  8. Archea • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Autotrophic or heterotrophic

  9. Found in extreme environments • oxygen-free • hot acidic waters of sulfur springs • bodies of concentrated salt water Hydrothermal vents Hot Springs

  10. The hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, USA, were among the first places Archaebacteria were discovered.

  11. Eubacteria • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Autotrophic or heterotrophic

  12. Yogurt contains lactobacteria, intestine-friendly bacterial cultures that foster a healthy colon, and even lower the risk of colon cancer. Lactobacteria, especially acidophilus, promotes the growth of healthy bacteria in the colon. The more of these intestine-friendly bacteria that are present in your colon, the lower the chance of colon diseases. Basically, the friendly bacteria in yogurt seems to deactivate harmful substances before they can become carcinogenic.

  13. Found everywhere • most are helpful (produce vitamins) • some cause disease (Ex: Strep throat) Streptococci pyogenes Salmonella enteriditis

  14. Salmonella poisoning Strep throat

  15. Fun Fact: There are more bacteria in one person's mouth than there are people in the world.

  16. Protists • Unicellular • Eukaryotic

  17. Animal-like  heterotrophic • Protozoa Ex: Amoeba, paramecium

  18. Plant-like  autotrophic • Algae

  19. Fungi

  20. Fungi • Multicellular • Unicellular  yeast

  21. Eukaryotic cells • Heterotrophic • Decomposers absorb nutrients of dead organisms

  22. Mushrooms

  23. Mold

  24. Plants • Multicellular • Eukaryotic cells • Autotrophic • Ex: Trees, grasses…

  25. Animals • Multicellular • Eukaryotic cells • Heterotrophic • Examples: Humans, jellyfish, insects, dogs, fish…

  26. Archaea, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals Let’s summarize… • Identify the six kingdoms. • Identify the kingdom described: • Unicellular and eukaryotic • Multicellular and autotrophic • Unicellular, prokaryotic and live in extreme environments • Multicellular and heterotrophic • Unicellular, prokaryotic, and are very common Protists Plants Archaea Fungi and Animals Eubacteria

  27. Algae 3. Identify the protists that are autotrophic. 4. Why are fungi called decomposers? 5. What are heterotrophic protists called? 6. Identify two heterotrophic protists. They absorb nutrients of dead organisms. Protozoa Ameba and Paramecia

  28. Identify the kingdom that is made up of unicellular organisms with no nucleus and can be found in hydrothermal vents. (1.) Eubacteria (2.) Fungi (3.) Archaebacteria (4.) Protists

  29. A scientist recently discovered a pond organism that is unicellular, contains chloroplasts and other membrane-bound organelles, and possesses a flagellum. In which kingdom is this organism classified? (1.) Eubacteria (2.) Fungi (3.) Protists (4.) Plant

  30. Mushrooms and molds belong to the kingdom (1.) Fungi (2.) Plants (3.) Protists (4.) Animals

  31. An organism that is unicellular, contains a nucleus and is autotrophic is classified as a (1.) Plant (2.) Protist (3.) Algae (4.) Fungi

  32. Multicellular organisms that absorb digested nutrients from the environment is classified as (1.) animals (2.) fungi (3.) protists (4.) paramecia

  33. Identify the kingdom consisting of multicellular and autotrophic organisms. (1.) Animals (2.) Fungi (3.) Protists (4.) Plant

  34. Identify the kingdom that is made up of unicellular prokaryotic organisms that are very common, (1.) Eubacteria (2.) Fungi (3.) Archaebacteria (4.) Protists

  35. Heterotrophic protists are known as (1.) algae (2.) bacteria (3.) protozoa (4.) yeast

  36. Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Cytoplasm Nucleus Chloroplasts Mitochondria Cytoplasm Cell membrane Cell wall Ribosomes

  37. 1000um Determine the length of each cell in um. Length of cell: 600um 500um Diameter = 2000um

  38. Determine the length of each cell in um. 6 cells 1000/6 = 100.7um Diameter = 1000um

  39. The diagram represents a cell being viewed with the low power objective. 1. Describe the field of view under low power compared to high power. It has a larger field of view 2. Identify the structure used to focus the image. coarse adjustment 3. In which direction should the slide be moved on the microscope stage to center the cell in the field of view? towards C

  40. A student sees the image to the left when observing the letter "f" with the low-power objective lens of a microscope. Which diagram below most closely resembles the image the student will see after switching to high power?

  41. The second part of an organism’s scientific name is its (1.) kingdom (2.) phylum (3.) genus (4.) species

  42. The branch of biology that is used for classifying and naming organisms is known as (1.) cytology (2.) taxonomy (3.) physiology (4.) genetics

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