Computer Based Education Teaching Strategy MSN 7750

1. Computer Based EducationTeaching StrategyMSN 7750 By Leonie Scott Nicole Bell Sheila Miskowsky

2. Computer Based Education Computer Based Learning (CBL) or Computer Based Education (CBE) – refers to the use of computers as a key component of the educational environment, the term refers to a structured environment in which computers are used for teaching purposes.(psych,2004)

3. Computer Based Education • One example of CBE includes the stop sepsis campaign - a "6 hour bundle" that includes the following rapid treatment strategy. "A "bundle" is a group of interventions related to a disease process that, when executed together, result in better outcomes than when implemented individually. The individual bundle elements are built on upon evidence-based practices.  The science behind the elements of a bundle is so well-established that their implementation should be considered a generally accepted practice: • Bundle Element 1: Measure serum lactate. • Bundle Element 2: Obtain blood cultures prior to antibiotic administration. • Bundle Element 3: Administer broad-spectrum antibiotic within 3 hours of ED admission and within 1 hour of non-ED admission.

4. Computer Based Education • Bundle Element 4: In the event of hypotension and/or serum lactate >4 mmol/L: • a. Deliver an initial minimum of 20 mL/kg of crystalloid  or an equivalent                                                                                              • b. Apply vasopressors for hypotension not responding to initial fluid resuscitation to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) >65 mm Hges computer-managed instructions, interactive instruction, and instructional simulation. • Several factors indicate the viability of CBE.

5. Educational Theories that apply to CBE Behaviorism:Based on observable changes in behavior. Behaviorism focuses on a new behavioral pattern being repeated until it becomes automatic. A learning theory. Does Pavlov ‘ring a bell?’ Cognitivism: Based on the thought process behind the behavior. Changes in behavior are observed, and used as indicators as to what is happening inside the learner's mind. Learning through contiguity and repetition. See Edward Tolman with the rats in the maze. Constructivism:Based on the premise that we all construct our own perspective of the world, through individual experiences and schema. Constructivism focuses on preparing the learner to problem solve in ambiguous situations. Brunner, 1960

6. Educational Theories Conrick, 1992

7. Educational Theory • The various levels of intellectual behaviors demonstrated by CBE can be seen in Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning - In 1956 Bloom and his colleagues began development of a taxonomy in the cognitive, attitudinal (affective) and psychomotor domains. Many people are familiar with Bloom'sCognitive taxonomy: • knowledge • comprehension • application • analysis • synthesis • evaluation Conrick, 1992

8. Educational Theory • Also refers to educational idealism • Encourages students to think, build character, and develop their own opinions. • Focuses on holistic learning which deals with the larger picture • Examples: liberal arts and religion

9. Teaching Situation Education from pre-K (games etc.) to university – in class or online. Individuals with grocery shopping challenge. Teaching children with behavioral disorder eg. PPST (pre-professional skills test. Teacher/Nursing recertification – continuing education. Gibbs, 1999

10. Appropriate Settings The most appropriate setting for CBE: Upper – level education programs. Continuing education and yearly mandatory. Computer based testing for students with disabilities. Training in radiology. Brunner, 1960

11. Pros Pros: Alternative to classroom settings. Provides teacher more flexibility in providing more one on one assistance. Provides unlimited practice, review, and remediation – drill & practice, tutorials. Convenience, easy access, & engaging. Work at individual’s pace.

12. Cons Cons- Lost of information in cyberspace. The user may lose sight of his/her material while clicking from site to site. Initially time consuming for the instructor to organize his/her class. Risk for privacy or personal information invasion.

13. CBE – ways to adapt the strategy * For the best learning possibilities with CBE, one has to control the number of learning sites accessed . In other words set up a chain of learning sites and lock the sites. • Using eye-tracking data for on-line assessment of user meta-cognitive behavior during interaction with environment. • Simulation, dialogue, tutorials.

14. Evaluate the effectiveness of CBE • Henry Becker(1991), of John Hopkins University, conducted several national surveys of American schools in the 1980’s and estimated that the number of computers had increased from 50,000 units to more than 2,400,000 between 1980 and 1990 (Nasseh,1996). • This survey proves that computers are an integral part of our teaching and learning in society today. • “Nursing administrators can support nurses at night by allocating resources- financial and human-that promote educational endeavors… respect, appreciation and greater job satisfaction with commitment to jobs (Mayes, 2010).”

15. References • Bastable,S.B. (2008) Nurse as Educator, Principles of Teaching and Learning for Nursing Practice, 3rd ed., Jones and Bartlett, Sudbury. • Na,Computer Based Learning,Educational Psychology, http://www.psychology.com/Computer_Based_Learning,Apr.16,2010 • Nasseh,B,Changing Definition of Teaching and Learning, http://www.bsu.edu/classes/nasseh/bn100/change .html,1996,4/16/2010 • Brunner, J. (1960). The Process of Education.New York, Random House. • Conrick, M. (1993). The development of computer based learning courseware for teaching clinical decision making in Nursing. Unpublished Major Project. University of NSW. • Gibbs, A. (1999). Using assessment strategically to change the way students learn. In: Brown, S., Glasner, A. (Eds.), Assessment matters in higher education. The Society for Research into Higher Education &The Open University Press, Buckingham. • Mayes, Pamela. Professional Development for Night Shift Nurses. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 41(1), 17-22.