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Wind Integration Study Results and Recommendations

Wind Integration Study Results and Recommendations. Black Sea Regional Transmission November 11, 2010 Bruce Rew, P.E. Vice President of Engineering. WITF Study Overview. Goal: Determine operational and reliability impacts of higher wind generation in SPP

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Wind Integration Study Results and Recommendations

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  1. Wind Integration Study Results and Recommendations Black Sea Regional Transmission November 11, 2010 Bruce Rew, P.E. Vice President of Engineering

  2. WITF Study Overview • Goal: Determine operational and reliability impacts of higher wind generation in SPP • Assessed impacts in three major areas: • Transmission • Operations • Markets

  3. WITF Study Overview • Detailed studies for three levels of wind penetration • Base case- current 4% wind penetration • 10% case- 10% wind penetration • 20% case- 20% wind penetration • Each case provided recommendations

  4. Major Findings • There are no significant technical or reliability barriers to integrating 20% wind, provided sufficient transmission is built • Increase in wind changes power flow patterns – particularly from west to east • Wind integration would be greatly facilitated by: • Consolidated Balancing Authority • Sophisticated unit commitment process • Centralized forecasting system

  5. WITF Recommendations: • Transmission upgrades • Reliability/markets • Ancillary services • Forecasting • Unit commitment • SPP policies

  6. Recommendations: Transmission Upgrades • Major transmission reinforcement is necessary to accommodate as low as 10% wind penetration • Needed for 10% case: 1,260 miles 345 kV 40 miles 230 kV lines • Needed for 20% case: Additional 485 miles 765 kV766 miles 345 kV205 miles230 kV25 miles115 kV

  7. Recommendations: Transmission Upgrades • Install voltage control devices for high voltage lines, or set minimum flow limits • Add new reactive capability as that provided by wind-displaced thermal units • Proceed with Generation Interconnect cluster studies, but evaluations should be done for entire region • Coordinated planning between wind generation and transmission is essential

  8. Recommendations: Reliability/Markets • Consolidate SPP into single Balancing Authority • Reduces overall needs for reserves and flexible resources • Greater operational flexibility • As forecast errors increase, need for flexible units increases • Robust transmission system could reduce local generation requirements • Explore ways to increase diversity in wind resource base

  9. Net Load Ramping Needs

  10. Recommendations: Ancillary Services • Separate regulation-up and regulation-down • With higher wind, regulation-up and regulation-down requirements are not symmetrical • More wind increases need for regulation capability and requirements • Wind regulation needs can be reduced by improved forecast accuracy • Load-following reserves may become beneficial as net load forecast variability increases

  11. Recommendations: Forecasting • Implement centralized forecasting system • For unit commitment and reliability assessment • Employ multiple methods and vendors • Forecast errors increase startups of flexible units and reduce generation of less flexible units • Wind under-forecasts have larger impact on wind curtailment than over-forecasts • Specific-purpose forecasts should be procured for difficult operational situations • Separate from centralized forecast system

  12. Recommendations: Unit Commitments • Supplement day-ahead with intra-day (four hours ahead) • Unit commitment capability is key to wind integration • Operational flexibility • Enhanced ancillary services • Accommodation of forecast errors • Align unit commitment with wind forecast methods • Establish new reserve requirements to parallel enhanced unit commitment practices

  13. SPP Policies: Regulation Requirements • Adopt more frequent update of requirements, such as daily, hourly, or even sub-hourly • Align determination of regulation requirements with unit commitment • Daily update should consider load and wind forecasts • Proceed with reducing the balancing market clearing time from 15 to 10 minutes ahead • 10-minute dispatch will significantly decrease need for ancillary services

  14. SPP Policies: Market • Provide incentives for wind units to react to market • Consider rules that provide incentives for wind plants to provide reactive support • More critical as wind levels increase and more conventional generators become displaced • Separate pricing and provision functions of up and down regulation requirements • Expand market boundaries • Larger area allows SPP to leverage load and resource diversity and lower impact of high wind

  15. SPP Policies: Additional • Shorten reserve replenishing timeframe • Integrate advanced energy storage technologies • Establish a centralized outage control system

  16. Next Steps • Study did not include determining optimum level of transmission expansion • Results of the study could be used as the basis for the analysis of the optimum transmission expansion necessary for wind generation in SPP footprint

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