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Upper Extremity

Upper Extremity. Shoulder Joint. The Shoulder Joint ( Glenohumeral Articulation). The spherical head of the humerus with the small, shallow, somewhat pear-shaped glenoid fossa of the scapula (Ball and Socket Joint) Both bones are covered with a hyaline cartilage

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Upper Extremity

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  1. Upper Extremity Shoulder Joint

  2. The Shoulder Joint(Glenohumeral Articulation) • The spherical head of the humerus with the small, shallow, somewhat pear-shaped glenoidfossa of the scapula (Ball and Socket Joint) • Both bones are covered with a hyaline cartilage • The humerus head is thicker in the center and the lining of the cavity is thicker on the outside (makes for a nice fit) • The glenoid labrum helps to deepen the joint and hold the head of the humerus in place.

  3. LigamentousReinforcement Coracohumeral ligament Glenohumeral ligament (3 bands) Coracoacromial ligament

  4. Movements of the Shoulder Joint • Flexion • Hyperflexion • Extension • Hyperextension • Abduction • Adduction • Outward (Lateral) rotation • Inward (medial) rotation • Circumduction

  5. Prevention of the Downward Dislocation of theHumerus • The slope of the glenoidfossa • The tightening of the upper part of the capsule and of the coracohumeral ligament • The activity of the supraspinatus muscle and to a lesser extent the posterior fibers of the deltoid

  6. Muscles of the Shoulder Joint • Rotator Cuff (musculotendinous cuff) • Supraspinatus – Abduction of arm – stability • Infraspinatus • Teres minor – seem to act as one – hold the head of the humerus in the glenoidfossa • Subscapularis – Anterior scapula to the head of the humerus

  7. Muscles of the Shoulder Joint • Other muscles • Pectoralis major – clavicular and sternal – important for pushing, throwing, and punching • Coracobrachialis – forward movements of the humerus • Biceps brachii • Tricpesbrachii • Deltoid • Latisimusdorsi • Teres major

  8. Injuries of the Shoulder Region • Acromioclavicularsprain • Fracture of the clavicle • Dislocation of the shoulder (luxation) • Rotator cuff strains or tears (rupture)

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