How do cells and organ systems all work together To create a functioning Organism; and how many

1. How do cells and organ systems all work together To create a functioning Organism; and how many differenttypes of organisms are there

2. MY OBJECTIVES -understand and explain cell theory -explain the different kingdoms of organisms and their classification -how cells, tissues and organ systems work together -plant and animal organs, and organ systems

3. CELL THEORY • All living organisms are comprised of cells • Cells are the basic units of structure in all things living • All cells come from cells (cell division) • cells contains hereditary information which is passed from              cell to cell during cell division. • All cells are basically the same in chemical composition. all energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life occurs               within cells.     • http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/unity/cell.text.htm

4. Different types of organisms • There are millions of different types of organisms, however they have been classified and put into groups. I will cover this more when I talk about classification. There ate six, overarching, fundamental types, or kingdoms of organisms. • -animals • -plants • -fungi • -archaebacteria • -eubacteria • -protists • http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/unity/cell.text.htm

5. Different types of organisms continued • The animal kingdom is by far the kingdom with the largest number or species. Most of us are familiar with several of its members animals are heterotrophs. • The plant kingdom also has a large number of members. Plants are autotrophs meaning that they produce their own food. All plants, like animals, are multi-cellular. • Archaebacteria is a kingdom that consists of single celled bacteria. They can live in harsh conditions such as acids, boiling water, etc.

6. Different types of organisms continued • Eubacteria is a kingdomthat consists also of bacteria, however, these are more common and have a different chemical makeup than other bacteria. • Fungi is a kingdom that consists of multi celled organisms. These organisms are heterotrophs as are animals and feed off of other decaying matter. Mots molds, mildews, and mushrooms are examples of fungi • Protists are a kingdom that consist of many differing organisms that don’t classify as anything else. Most protists are unicellular. Slime molds and algae are good examples of protists. http://www.ric.edu/faculty/ptiskus/six_kingdoms/index.htm

7. Classification of organisms The classification of a species depends on many factors. All organisms can be classified under a linear system: The order of this system is as follows: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. As in the example below, the animal kingdom is divided into several sub-categories. These categories become more specific until the species is identified. http://www.fcps.edu/islandcreekes/ecology/classification.htm http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/38/3877.png

8. Classification of organisms http://mac122.icu.ac.jp/gen-ed/classif-gifs/classific-a.gif

9. Cellular differentiation all multi- celled organisms have many cells and many different types of cells. How is it possible that all of these can come from one initial cell, a fertilized egg or zygote? The reason that this is possible is through a process called differentiation. Cell differentiation is when the initial zygote divides and forms two cells, then four, then eight, and so on. Eventually these cells begin to form into the basic shape of an embryo. At this point they begin to form the basic shape of organs and body parts. By regulating which genes are active, the cell can take on a specific function, this is called specialization.

10. cells and tissues • Tissue is a group of cells that all serve that same function and are part of an organ or organism. • Cells are able to send signals to each other by chemical codes through tiny tubules called Plasmodesmata. • Cells specialize by suppressing some of their gees and activating others. • A zygote must contain all the information necessary for an organism to be created. This information is passed on by differentiation and put to use during specialization.

11. Tissues and organs All organs consist of tissues. An organ is a group of tissues that works together to perform a particular function.