Science is a collective body of knowledge that goes back to

1. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Science is a collective body of knowledge that goes back to A. the time of Galileo. • Italy in the 16th century. • Greece in the 7th century BC. D. before the 7th century BC.

2. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Science is a collective body of knowledge that goes back to A. the time of Galileo. • Italy in the 16th century. • Greece in the 7th century BC. • before the 7th century BC. Comment: One could say that modern science began with Galileo. But science as a collective body of knowledge goes back to prehistoric times.

3. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Science greatly advanced when Galileo favored A. experiment over philosophical discussions. • philosophical discussions over experiment. • nonmathematical thinking. D. none of the above.

4. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Science greatly advanced when Galileo favored A. experiment over philosophical discussions. • philosophical discussions over experiment. • nonmathematical thinking. • none of the above. Comment: Experiment was the key to knowledge, according to Galileo. Interestingly, he also stated that the book of nature is written in mathematics.

5. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 According to Aristotle and his followers over centuries, Earth was at the center of the universe. The first European to effectively challenge that notion was A. Copernicus. • Galileo. • Newton. D. Einstein

6. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 According to Aristotle and his followers over centuries, Earth was at the center of the universe. The first European to effectively challenge that notion was A. Copernicus. • Galileo. • Newton. • Einstein. Comment: Copernicus challenged the notion of an Earth-centered universe, and he died shortly after his ideas were published. Galileo spent his later years in house arrest for popularizing those ideas.

7. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 The classic scientific method, espoused by Galileo and Bacon, is A. the method guaranteed to lead to scientific discoveries. • one of many ways in which scientific discoveries are made. • today outmoded and of little value. D. required memorization in the best of schools.

8. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 The classic scientific method, espoused by Galileo and Bacon, is A. the method guaranteed to lead to scientific discoveries. • one of many ways in which scientific discoveries are made. • today outmoded and of little value. • required memorization in the best of schools. Comment: As the text mentions, there are many routes to scientific discoveries. The scientific method simply lists procedures that are often useful in science. It is certainly not something to memorize. And if you did memorize the list, what would be the value? Realizing the spirit of scientific investigation is what counts—not memorizing a list.

9. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 In conducting science experiments, more important than a scientific-method recipe is scientific A. integrity. • honesty. • attitude. D. all of the above.

10. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 In conducting science experiments, more important than a scientific-method recipe is scientific A. integrity. • honesty. • attitude. • all of the above. Explanation: A proper scientific attitude embodies integrity, honesty, and humility before the facts.

11. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 After failing more than 6000 times before perfecting the first electric lightbulb, Thomas Edison stated that his trials were not failures, because he successfully discovered 6000 ways that don’t work. Edison’s success is nicely illustrated by A. trial and error. • elements of the scientific method. • the principle of falsifiability. D. all of the above.

12. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 After failing more than 6000 times before perfecting the first electric lightbulb, Thomas Edison stated that his trials were not failures, because he successfully discovered 6000 ways that don’t work. Edison’s success is nicely illustrated by A. trial and error. • elements of the scientific method. • the principle of falsifiability. • all of the above.

13. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 A hypothesis is scientific if it has a test for proving it A. right. • wrong. • effective. D. worthy.

14. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 A hypothesis is scientific if it has a test for proving it A. right. • wrong. • effective. • worthy. Explanation: Many hypotheses have tests to see if they are right. They may or may not be scientific. Without a test for wrongness, a hypothesis, however reasonable, is not in the realm of science.

15. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Which of these is not a scientific hypothesis? A. Electrons carry an electric charge. • An electron’s charge is one of nature’s secrets. • Electrons will bend when moving in a magnetic field. D. All are scientific hypotheses.

16. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Which of these is not a scientific hypothesis? A. Electrons carry an electric charge. • An electron’s charge is one of nature’s secrets. • Electrons will bend when moving in a magnetic field. • All are scientific hypotheses. Explanation: If electrons didn’t carry electric charge, they wouldn’t be deflected when crossing a magnetic field. This would be a test for showing the hypothesis is wrong. That A and C are capable of being proved wrong makes them scientific. Statement B, however, has no test for wrongness. It is reasonable speculation—but not a scientific hypothesis.

17. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Which of these professions discredits their practitioners who cheat even once? A. Politics. • Sales. • Law. D. Science.

18. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Which of these professions discredits their practitioners who cheat even once? A. Politics. • Sales. • Law. • Science. Explanation: The question could ask—which profession allows its practitioners to lie and cheat with very little if any serious consequences? Class discussion time?

19. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Which of these remain constant over time? A. Facts. • Theories. • Both of the above. D. Neither of the above.

20. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Which of these remain constant over time? A. Facts. • Theories. • Both of the above. • Neither of the above. Explanation: Both can change. Is this a weakness or strength of science? For example, if everything a child holds true remains constant over time, not changing with years of study, then either that child was phenomenally gifted or was indoctrinated in a system of closed thought. As we learn new information, we refine our ideas. The same is true with the fields of science.

21. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 A person who says “that’s only a theory” likely doesn’t know that a scientific theory is A. a guess that involves a bunch of facts. • a hypothesis of sorts. • a vast synthesis of well-tested hypotheses and facts. D. none of the above.

22. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 A person who says “that’s only a theory” likely doesn’t know that a scientific theory is A. a guess that involves a bunch of facts. • a hypothesis of sorts. • a vast synthesis of well-tested hypotheses and facts. • none of the above. Explanation: Theory in everyday speech is vastly different than its use in science. A vast and verifiable body of knowledge isn’t only a theory; if it passes all its tests, it is elevated to that status! Great scientific theories such as the laws of gravity and relativity are not idle hypotheses—they are supported by innumerable experiments. They are much more than only theories.

23. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Which of these fields make predictions? A. Physics. • Chemistry. • Literature. D. All of the above.

24. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Which of these fields make predictions? A. Physics. • Chemistry. • Literature. • All of the above. Explanation: Physics and chemistry predict what may not have been discovered in nature. In the field of literature are predictions that we may not have personally experienced. Predictions are an important part of all of these.

25. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Science and religion can often clash. They don’t clash, however, when each addresses A. its own domain. • the domain of the other. • all domains. D. none of the above.

26. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Science and religion can often clash. They don’t clash, however, when each addresses A. its own domain. • the domain of the other. • all domains. • none of the above. Explanation: As stated in the text, science and religion can complement each other when involvement is focused on the domains of each—even with some overlap. But as also stated in the text, science and religion cannot be harmonious for religious extremists who assert that one must choose between the two, with the only proper choice being their own brand of religion.

27. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 A truly educated person is knowledgeable about A. science. • the arts. • religion. D. all of the above.

28. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 A truly educated person is knowledgeable about A. science. • the arts. • religion. • all of the above. Comment: That’s what being “well rounded” is about.

29. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Technology is A. a body of scientific knowledge. • a tool of science. • what’s wrong with the world. D. mankind’s greatest achievement.

30. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Technology is A. a body of scientific knowledge. • a tool of science. • what’s wrong with the world. • Mankind’s greatest achievement. Explanation: Technology may involve elements of statements A, C, and D. But correctly speaking, it is a tool of science. And like any tool, it can be used to degrade or improve the human condition.

31. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 To tell whether a claim is one of science or of pseudoscience, look to see if A. there is a test for wrongness. • it makes predictions. • it uses scientific terminology. D. all of the above.

32. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 To tell whether a claim is one of science or of pseudoscience, look to see if A. there is a test for wrongness. • it makes predictions. • it uses scientific terminology. • all of the above. Explanation: Some forms of pseudoscience, often called “junk science,” do make predictions, and many use scientific terminology to pose as science. Only science has tests for wrongness. A key personal question is, “If I’m wrong, how would I know?”

33. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Which of these is recognized by the scientific community as a pseudoscience? A. Astrology. • Magnetic healing. • Crystal therapy. D. All of the above.

34. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Which of these is recognized by the scientific community as a pseudoscience? A. Astrology. • Magnetic healing. • Crystal therapy. • All of the above. Explanation: Although all use scientific language and pose as science, none have tests for wrongness.

35. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 A most important condition for the validity of a scientific experiment is that its results be A. reproducible by others. • organized in a clean and efficient way. • repeated more than once. D. controlled.

36. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 A most important condition for the validity of a scientific experiment is that its results be A. reproducible by others. • organized in a clean and efficient way. • repeated more than once. • controlled.

37. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Although physics may be the most difficult science course taught in some schools, when the fields of the sciences are compared, the least complex is A. physics. • chemistry. • biology. D. astronomy.

38. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Although physics may be the most difficult science course taught in some schools, when the fields of the sciences are compared, the least complex is A. physics. • chemistry. • biology. • astronomy. Explanation: Compare the list of terms at the end of each chapter in this book. You’ll see fewer terms in physics chapters than in the others. The complexities of chemistry, and especially biology, are much greater than those of physics. Astronomy stems from physics. Nearly all astronomers have a major or minor degree in physics.

39. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Most teams of scientists that work in Antarctica are comprised of A. physicists. • chemists. • biologists. D. all of the above.

40. Conceptual Integrated Science—Chapter 1 Most teams of scientists that work in Antarctica are comprised of A. physicists. • chemists. • biologists. • all of the above. Explanation: Such teams of scientists are usually interdisciplinary, integrating the various fields of science.