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Basics of Networks and Telecommunications: LANs, WANs, and MANs

Learn about local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). Explore the components that differentiate networks and compare different network architectures. Understand network topologies, protocols, and media types found in networks.

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Basics of Networks and Telecommunications: LANs, WANs, and MANs

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  1. Business Plug-In B5 Networks and Telecommunications

  2. LEARNING OUTCOMES • Compare LANs, WANs, and MANs • List and describe the four components that differentiate networks • Compare the two types of network architectures

  3. LEARNING OUTCOMES • Explain topology and the different types found in networks • Describe TCP/IP along with its primary purpose • Identify the different media types found in networks

  4. Networks and Telecommunications • Telecommunication system -enable the transmission of data over public or private networks • Network -a communications, data exchange, and resource-sharing system created by linking two or more computers and establishing standards, or protocols, so that they can work together

  5. Network Basics • The three types of networks include: • Local area network (LAN) • Wide area network (WAN) • Metropolitan area network (MAN)

  6. Network Basics

  7. Network Basics • Networks are differentiated by the following: • Architecture: peer-to-peer, client/server • Topology: bus, star, ring, hybrid, wireless • Protocols: Ethernet, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) • Media: coaxial, twisted-pair, fiber-optic

  8. Architecture • There are two primary types of architectures • Client/server network • Peer-to-peer (P2P) network

  9. Client/Server Network Client- a computer that is designed to request information from a server Server - a computer that is dedicated to providing information in response to external requests Client/server network -model for applications in which the bulk of the back-end processing takes place on a server, while the front-end processing is handled by the clients

  10. Client/Server Computing Processing split between client & server machines

  11. Client/Server Networks Network operating system (NOS) - the operating system that runs a network, steering information between computers and managing security and users Packet-switching -occurs when the sending computer divides a message into a number of efficiently sized units called packets, each of which contains the address of the destination computer Router - an intelligent connecting device that examines each packet of data it receives and then decides which way to send it onward toward its destination

  12. Peer-to-peer Network • Peer-to-peer (P2P) network - any network without a central file server and in which all computers in the network have access to the public files located on all other workstations

  13. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networking P2P is form of distributed processing that links computers via the Internet or private networks, so that they can share processing, memory and storage. Each computer acts as both its own client and server. Examples : http://boinc.berkeley.edu/download.php P2P Directory

  14. Client/Server Networks • Client/Server network

  15. Client/Server Networks • Worldwide router growth

  16. Trace a route - Visual Route • You can see how many routers are between you and any other computer you can name or know the IP address for. • Visual Route • Try a far away website server such as www.imu.edu.cn

  17. Topology • Network topology - refers to the geometric arrangement of the actual physical organization of the computers and other network devices in a network • Bus topology • Star topology • Ring topology • Hybrid topology • Wireless

  18. Topology

  19. What’s a protocol? a human protocol and a computer network protocol: TCP/IP connection response Get http://www.stfx.ca/schedule Got the time? 2:00 <file> time Hi TCP/IP connection req Hi

  20. Protocols • Protocol - a standard that specifies the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission. • For two devices on a network to successfully communicate, they must both understand the same protocols. • Interoperability - the capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though they are made by different manufacturers

  21. Protocols • The most popular network protocols used are: • Ethernet • Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol [TCP/IP]

  22. Ethernet Ethernet - a physical and data layer technology for LAN networking (100 Megabits/second)

  23. Ethernet • Ethernet is a local area technology, with networks traditionally operating within a single building, connecting devices in close proximity.

  24. Ethernet Cable

  25. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol • Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) - provides the technical foundation for the public Internet as well as for large numbers of private network

  26. TCP/IP standard for connectivity • Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol • Allows any computer to communicate with any other (e.g., a PC and a Mac) • Four layers to TCP/IP protocol • Specifies: • How sending computer to package data as messages • How messages will be sent over the Internet • How receiving computer will reassemble message for processing

  27. Videos • TCP/ IP animation

  28. Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses • Every node in a network has a unique numeric address • Form: Four (3 digit numbers) blocks separated by dots Example: 141.109.221.6 (STFX IP address) • Each block ranges from 0 to 255. • Total number of possible IP addresses: 256 X 256 X 256 X 256 = 4,294,967,296 unique values!

  29. TCP/IP Applications • SMTP [Simple Mail Transfer Protocol] (mailto Protocol) • 1971 - first email message was sent from one computer to another • FTP (File Transfer Protocol) • A communication standard to transfer files over the Internet • Telnet (Telnet Protocol) • remote login • Internet Relay Chat (IRC Protocol) • Communication via chat • Usenet (news Protocol) • Web ( HTTP Protocol)

  30. TCP/IP Applications • TCP/IP applications • File transfer protocol (FTP) • Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) • Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) • Simple network management Protocol (SNMP)

  31. The Browser (client) and The Server Web Browser Web Server HTTP Request File System Web Page • The original static model of Web Serving: • The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) enables web pages to be requested and transferred between the browser and server

  32. What Is the Internet? • The Internet is a worldwide network of networks that uses the client/server model of computing and based on TCP/IP protocol. • Using the Internet, any computer (or computing appliance) can communicate with any other computer connected to the Internet throughout the world. • The Internet has no central management. • The Internet is used for communications, and to retrieve a vast store of information. • It has developed into an effective way for individuals and organizations to offer information and products through a Web of graphical user interfaces and easy-to-use links worldwide. • Major Internet capabilities include e-mail, Usenet, LISTSERV, chatting and instant messaging, Telnet, FTP, and the World Wide Web.

  33. Internet network architecture

  34. The Internet connectivity

  35. Internet Domain Names - Domain names are used because people have difficulty remembering IP numbers Example: www.stfx.ca is domain name for the IP address: 141.109.221.50

  36. Internet Technology • Based on client/server technology • Client computers • access services and information available on server computers • Use software to access server computers • Web browsers (Netscape, Internet Explorer) • Email software (Eudora, Outlook) • Server Computers • They are programs that provide documents to requesting browsers. They are slave programs. • Provide responses to browser requests, either existing documents or dynamically built documents

  37. Internet Capabilities ( various Internet protocols) E-mail Person -to-person messaging; document sharing Usenet Newsgroups Discussion groups using electronic bulletin boards List Servers Discussion groups using email list servers Chat Rooms Interactive conversations Instant Messaging Telnet Working on one computer while logged on to another FTP Transfer of files from computer to computer World Wide Web Display, format and retrieve information using hyperlinks

  38. Uniform Resource Locators • The URL • Uniform Resource Locators are used to identify document (resources) on the internet • URL Format: Best understood through the following example: http://www.stfx.ca/people/habolgha/INFO101/INFO101.htm Application Layer Protocol Host/Domain Document Path and Name

  39. Voice over IP (VoIP) Voice over IP (VoIP) - uses TCP/IP technology to transmit voice calls over long-distance telephone lines

  40. Media • Network transmission media -refers to the various types of media used to carry the signal between computers • Wire media (guided) • Wireless media (unguided)

  41. Wire Media • Wire media - transmission material manufactured so that signals will be confined to a narrow path and will behave predictably • Three most commonly used types include: • Twisted-pair wiring • Coaxial cable • Fiber optic (or optical fiber)

  42. Wire Media

  43. Wireless Media • Wireless media - natural parts of the Earth’s environment that can be used as physical paths to carry electrical signals

  44. E-Business Network

  45. E-Business Network • Virtual private network (VPN) - a way to use the public telecommunication infrastructure (e.g., Internet) to provide secure access to an organization’s network • Valued-added network (VAN) -a private network, provided by a third party, for exchanging information through a high capacity connection

  46. Videos • Computer tour • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/howstuffworks/23-computer-tour-video.htm • Internet Basics • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/computer/internet-basics-videos.htm

  47. LAN Local Area Networks: Connecting two Computers • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_u3hNRZWMcc&feature=related

  48. Videos • How a Computer Network Works • computer network topologies • Bus Topology • Star Topology • Ring Topology

  49. Video Computer Networking Tutorial 1: Introduction to Networking http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVvEheZVwdg&NR=1&feature=fvwp Computer Networking Tutorial 2: Networking Basics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyTLPl5t-0Q&feature=channel Computer Networking Tutorial - 3 - Network Topology http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfEDPQAYH4k&feature=channel Computer Networking Tutorial - 4 - OSI Model Physical Layer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqOvu-wAAM0&feature=channel Computer Networking Tutorial - 5 - OSI Model Data Link Layer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JL_wrvuvsqc&feature=channel Computer Networking Tutorial - 6 - OSI Model Network and Transport Layer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWLI_Pz4PZw&feature=channel

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