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Barriers Against Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water

TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182. Barriers Against Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water. TOXIC. DVGW-Technology Center Water (TZW) Karlsruhe, Dresden branch. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182. Consortium of TOXIC. * member of EWRI (European Water Research Institutes). TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182. Content. Introduction

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Barriers Against Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water

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  1. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Barriers Against Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water TOXIC DVGW-Technology Center Water (TZW) Karlsruhe, Dresden branch

  2. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Consortium of TOXIC * member of EWRI (European Water Research Institutes)

  3. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Content • Introduction • Results of work packages • Published results • Case studies

  4. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Guide lines for drinking water • WHO: 1.0 µg/L MCYST-LR • Australia: 1.3 µg/L MCYST-LR Cylindrospermopsin (in discussion) Anatoxin-a (in discussion) Saxitoxin (in discussion) • Germany: 0.1 µg/L each single toxic compound • …..

  5. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Figure 2.2: Strukture of Microcystins

  6. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Figure 2.3: Strukture of Anatoxin-a, Saxitoxin and Cylindrospermopsin

  7. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Structure of TOXIC

  8. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Detailed Structure of TOXIC

  9. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Work-segments • Production of standard materials • Design of evaluated analytical procedures • Lab scale experiments • Pilot scale experiments • Full scale monitoring

  10. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 WP 1 - Co-ordination and Project Management Participants:TZW • Protocols • Reports • Public presentations

  11. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 WP 2 - Raw Water Quality Participants:UDU, TZW, AAU, UAL, ULO • Data base of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in European waterbodies • Establishment of an Internet-Based Platform on cyanobacteria and-toxins in European waterbodies (cyanobacteria-platform.com) • List of suitable methods for early-warning of cyanobacterial bloom

  12. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 WP 3 - Analysis Participants: AAU, UDU, ULO • Supply of pure cyanotoxin standards • Know-how transfer andinter-calibrationexercises • Provision of Standard OperationalPrecedures(SOPs) for cyanotoxin analysis (PPIA, ELISA, HPLC/UV, MS)

  13. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 WP 4 - Conventional Treatment Participants:TZW, UDU, DHI, UEX, UAL, ULO • Test of different treatment trains • Cyanotoxin biodegradability and degradation kinetics (aerobic and anaerobic) • Risk assessment for treatment trains (intra- and extracellular toxins)

  14. Toxin release - pilot plant studies

  15. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 WP 5 - Polishing Treatment: activated carbon • The application of activated carbon (PAC !!!) is one of the most efficient measure for dissolved toxin removal

  16. The efficiency of activated carbon dichloroethene trichloroethene atrazine MCYST-LR Activated carbon in mg/L

  17. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 WP 5+6 - Polishing and Final Treatment: oxidation and disinfection • Kinetic data base for oxidation of cyanotoxins by oxidants (chlorine, chlor-amine, chlorine dioxide, permanganate, ozone) • Assessment of the influence of water qualityparameters (DOC, alkalinity, pH, temperature, ammonia) on toxin oxidation Participants:EAWAG, UEX, WRc, UAL, ULO

  18. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 WP 5+6 Polishing and Final Treatment

  19. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 WP 7 - Alternative Techniques Participants: Kiwa, UAL • Protocol of optimised membrane filtration procedures (ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reversed osmosis)

  20. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 WP 7 - Alternative Techniques Participants: Kiwa, UAL Nanofiltration:

  21. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Final project outcome – published results Participants: all partners • Providing of an Analytical Manual (ISBN: 951-765-259-3) • Providing of a EuropeanBest Practice Guidance Manual for selection, design and operation of treatment plant, raw water monitoring and toxin analysis (tom.hall@wrcplc.co.uk) • Providing of a commercially available software package for treatment process simulation (tom.hall@wrcplc.co.uk)

  22. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 in 2008:International Guidance Manual for the Management of Toxic Cyanobacteria • Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION • Chapter 2 RISK ASSESSMENT IN SOURCE WATERS • Chapter 3 MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF CYANOBACTERIA IN SOURCE WATERS • Chapter 4 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A MONITORING PROGRAM • Chapter 5 INCIDENT MANAGEMENT PLANS • Chapter 6 TREATMENT OPTIONS • Chapter 7 CASE STUDIES A paper of the Global Water Research Coalition www.globalwaterresearchcoalition.net

  23. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Case studies

  24. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Case study I: pilote scale

  25. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Case study II: pilote scale

  26. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Case study III: pilote scale

  27. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Case study VI: pilote scale

  28. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Conclusions • Toxin removal (cell bound and dissolved) with high efficiency is possible !!! • The non calculable risk is the toxin release – an efficient additional barrier is the use of activated carbon.

  29. TOXIC - EVK1-2001-00182 Manythanks • Geoff Codd • Jussi Meriluoto • Tom Hall • Hanne Kaas • Urs von Gunten • Bas Heijman • Maria Rosa • Joanna Mankiewicz • Malgozata Taczynska † • Juan Acero • Jose Meneira • Gayle Newcomb • Bill Harding • Ingrid Chorus

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