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23-3: The New Deal Affects Many Groups. Groups in Roosevelt’s New Deal Coalition: (Supporters of the Democratic Party) Women African Americans Labor Unions Southern Whites Immigrants. Women. Names of Appointees to important government positions :
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23-3: The New Deal Affects Many Groups • Groups in Roosevelt’s New Deal Coalition: (Supporters of the Democratic Party) • Women • African Americans • Labor Unions • Southern Whites • Immigrants
Women Names of Appointees to important government positions: • Francis Perkins: Secretary of labor, and 1st woman appointed to a presidential cabinet position Gains women made under the New Deal: • Women appointed to important federal positions • Slight increase in the number of women working outside the home Problems of Women not solved by the New Deal: Workplace discrimination; discriminatory wages; discriminatory hiring practices
African Americans Names of Appointees to important government positions: • Mary McLeod Bethune: Head of the Office of Minority Affairs of the (NYA) National Youth Administration. She also helped to organize the “Black Cabinet”, a group of influential African Americans that advised FDR on racial issues • William H. Hastie and Robert C. Weaver Gains African Americans made under the New Deal: • Increased political voice through greater access to the president • Organizations created for tenant farmers Problems of African Americans not solved by the New Deal: Segregation; racial violence, discrimination in all areas of life; poll taxes
Labor Unions Names of unions organized during the New Deal: • Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO): A labor union for unskilled workers Gains unions made under the New Deal: • Better working conditions; increased bargaining power • Dramatic increase in union membership Problems of unions not solved by the New Deal: • Strike violence • Big Business opposition to labor unions
Other Coalition Groups • Southern Whites • Various urban group • Immigrants • Various religious groups and ethnic groups Reasons they supported the Democratic Party: • New Deal labor laws and work-relief programs aided many of them • FDR made direct and persuasive appeals to them • FDR appointed many officials of urban-immigrant backgrounds
Commissioner of Indian Affairs and a strong advocate of National American rights He helped create the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 which restored some reservation lands to tribal ownership John Collier