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BLOOD

BLOOD. Plasma. Leukocytes & Platlets. Erythrocyte. 一、 CONSTRUCTION. Plasma : 55% Hemocytes ( cells ) ：45% erythrocytes leukocytes blood platlets * Hematocrit (packed red cell volume ): 45%. * using anticoagulants. serum. Blood clots.

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BLOOD

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  1. BLOOD

  2. Plasma Leukocytes & Platlets Erythrocyte 一、CONSTRUCTION Plasma : 55% Hemocytes (cells)：45% erythrocytes leukocytes blood platlets * Hematocrit (packed red cell volume): 45% *using anticoagulants

  3. serum Blood clots components same as that of plasm but fibrinogen Serum 1. Plasma 90% water albumin 10% others : fibrinogen • plasma pr. enzymes Ig. etc. • Lipid • hormones • Vitamins • inorganic salts • metabolites

  4. BLOOD CELLS • blood smear stains • w/ Wright or Giemsa Erythrocytes:4.2～5.5×106/μL(M) 3.5～5.0×106/μL(F) Leukocytes: 4～10×103/μL neutrophils 50～70% Granulocytes eosinophils 0.5～3 % basophils 0～1% Agranulocytes lymphocytes 20～30% monocytes 3～8% Platelets: 100～300×103/μL

  5. Erythrocyte • biconcave discs， 7.5～8.5μm，flaxible • no nuclei，no organelles • rich in Hb：105～150g/L • blood group (ABO; Rh…):

  6. Pathology • Anemia：R.B.C < 3×1012/L or Hb< 100g/L megaloblastic anemia: >9 μm iron deficiency animia: <6 μm • Erythrocytosis, polycythemia. • Hereditary: Spherocytosis, Sickle cell anemia

  7. Reticulocytes • 0.5～1.5% • containing ribosomes .(stained by brilliant cresyl blue) • increase in anemia • Indicator of hematopo- ietic capacity of the bone marrow.

  8. CO2+HbO2 HbCO2+O2 Function Binding & transporting O2and CO2 In lungs In organs & tissues

  9. Leukocytes • Spherical, nucleated & colorless • Contain specific or azurophilic granules • Amoeboid movement • Phagocytosis except for lymphocytes • Involved in defense against foreign materials

  10. Leukocytes: 4～10×103/μL neutrophil 50 ～70% Granulocyte eosinophil 0.5～3 % basophil 0 ～1% Agranulocyte lymphocyte 20 ～30% monocyte 3 ～8%

  11. A. Neutrophils • D=10～12μm; • Nuclear: polymorphous 2～5 lobes increase w/ the age of the cells. • Specific Granules: 80%, fine (0.3～0.4μm ) neutrophilic (light reddish) • Azurophilic granules: 20%, larger, purple

  12. E.M. • S.G.: medium-dense containing A.P, phagocytins lactoferrin • A.G.: lysosomes containing A..P. peroxidase

  13. Function • Mobility(chemotaxis): Attracted by polymorpho- nuclear chemotactic factor (released by macrophages) • Phagocytose & destroy bacteria: the number of leukocytes↑ acute the % of neutrophils↑bacteria infection ** cell mark: peroxidase and CD15

  14. B.Eosinophilis • D = 10～15μm; • Nu.: 2 ～5 lobes • S.G.: uniformity, large (0.5～1.0μm ), bright red or orange (acidophilic)

  15. E.M. • S.G.:Lysosome :ovoid, w/ granule matrix & aelongated crystalloid core • Containing:Major basic protein acid phosphatase, histaminase, peroxidase. .

  16. Function • Chemotaxis: attracted by chemotactic factor from the mast cells • Release histaminase: inactivate histamine for weakening allergic reaction • Phagocytize: foreign bodies, Ag-Ab complex • Antiparasite : It is increased in patients infected w/ allergic reaction or parasite

  17. C. Basophilics • D = 10 ～ 12μm • Nucleus: irregular or S-shaped • S.G.:large (various size), basophilic (dark blue), cover nuclear, distribute unevenly & metachromasia

  18. EM & FN • E.M.: S.G. w/ fine grains, containing heparin, histamine, leukotriene • FN: anticoagulant responsible to allergic reaction

  19. D. Monocytes • Largest, 14～20μm, bluish-grey staining • Nu.: kidney- or horseshoe-shaped w/ delicate net-like Chromatin • Cytoplasm: abundant, gray blue, w/fine azurophilicgranules

  20. E.M : A.G.: lysosomes (peroxidase, A.P., non-specific esterase); Phagocytic vacuoles F.N. : • amoeboid movement & obvious chemotaxis • Phagocytosis (mono- nuclear phagocytic system, MPS) • differentiate into macrophage (out B.V.) **mark: CD14

  21. E.Lymphocytes • 3 types: small 6～8μm; medium-sized 9～12μm; large 13～20μm • Small lymphocyte(90%): LM: Round or ovoid; Nu.:sphericity w/ indentation, condensed chromatin, dark staining. Cytoplasm:scanty, as a thin rim in light-blue w/ azurophilic granules lacking proxidase

  22. Large lymphocyte medium lymphocyte small lymphocyte

  23. Classification & Function Classification* function# T-Cell: 75% cellular immunity B-Cell: 10-15% humoral immunity large lymphocyte (NK cell) * based on the source, characteristics on cellular membrane, life & function # immunological defence

  24. Blood platelets • Megakaryocyte’ s fragment, in clumps • LM: 2～4μm，disc-like or irregular, anucleated. Two regions: ① Granulomere: centrally- located, purple-blue granules. ② Hyalomere: peripherally located, in light-blue.

  25. E.M.: ① cell coat: rich in GAG & glycoproteins associated to platelet adhesion; ②M.T. system: a. opening tubule system: to increase the surface area for platelet adhesion. b. dense tubule system: sER , support, collect Ca 2+ and synthesize prostaglandin

  26. ③actin-like M.F: mobile. ④granules: a. αgranules(special granules): containing blood clotting factors (13 types found so far), fibrinogen & acidic hydrolases. b. dense granules:serotonin (5-HT), ADP, ATP, Ca2+ & adrenine

  27. Function 1.Aggregation: collagenous fiber in injure area platelet release serotonin constraction of b.v. slow & stop bleeding. 2.Coagulation:thrombogen coagulation factor III thrombase Fibrinogen Fibrin hemocyte coagulation 3.Protect blood vessel endothelium, repairing endothelium, prevent atherosclerosis

  28. Question

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