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RNA and Protein Synthesis. How does DNA determine our traits?. How does DNA determine our traits?. By directing the synthesis of proteins Proteins represent functional genes Molecular flow of information is: DNA RNA Protein. What proteins are you familiar with?. Examples of Proteins.
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How does DNA determine our traits? • By directing the synthesis of proteins • Proteins represent functional genes • Molecular flow of information is: DNA RNA Protein
Examples of Proteins • Insulin • Keratin • Hemoglobin • Melanin • Actin
Proteins are synthesized during two cellular processes. Can you name these processes?
Protein Synthesis • Transcription – Genetic information is transferred from DNA to mRNA 2. Translation – mRNA information is decoded to synthesize proteins
What is RNA? • A nucleic acid composed of ribose sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous bases
DNA RNA • Double stranded • Deoxyribose sugar • Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine • Nucleus only • Single stranded • Ribose sugar • Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Uracil • Nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
The “Players” • mRNA • tRNA • rRNA • amino acids • ribosomes
mRNA (messenger) • linear RNA that transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
tRNA (transfer) • RNA (~80 nucleotides in length) twisted in hairpin shape • supplies the amino acids to ribosomes for translation
rRNA (ribosomal) • globular RNA that composes ribosomes, forms the peptide bond between amino acids during protein synthesis
Amino Acids • monomers of proteins • linked together to form proteins during translation
Ribosomes • site of translation (second step of protein synthesis)
A Gene Structure