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Elements & Principles of Landscape Design. Elements of Landscape Design. The directly observable components, ingredients, and physical characteristics of a design. Elements of Landscape Design. Line Form Space Texture. Pattern Size Color. Line.
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Elements of Landscape Design The directly observable components, ingredients, and physical characteristics of a design.
Elements of Landscape Design Line Form Space Texture Pattern Size Color
Line • The visual pathway that directs eye movement through a composition • Distance between two points
Line directions: Vertical lines—stress height and suggest power and strength Horizontal lines—stress width and are peaceful and calm, provide a sense of stability Diagonal line—dynamically energetic, causing more eye movement, use sparingly. Curved line—suggest motion, but are softer, more comforting.
Form the shape or configuration of an individual component of the composition. The overall, three-dimensional, geometric shape or configuration of a floral composition.
Space the area in, around, and between the components of the design, defined by the three-dimensional area occupied by the composition. Positive space Negative space
Texture The surface quality of a material, as perceived by sight or touch Smooth, coarse, waxy, rough, delicate, velvety
Pattern A repeated combination of line, form, color, texture, and/or space. Variegated markings, speckles Any element used more than once
Color The visual response of the eye to reflected rays of light most important design element Optical sensation, originating in the brain’s perception of light energy reflected to the eye from a pigmented surface. Emotional response
Principles of Landscape Design Principles of design-fundamental guidelines to aesthetic design that govern the organization of the elements and materials in accordance with the laws of nature.
Principles of Landscape Design Balance Proportion Scale Focal Area Opposition Variation Simplicity Rhythm Repetition Transition Unity
Balance gives a sense of equilibrium and repose, a feeling of three-dimensional stability. Symmetrical balance—known as formal balance, forms are repeated on opposite sides of the design. Using an imaginary central axis, one side of the design is the mirror image of the other. Asymmetrical balance—known as informal balance. Formed by placing unequal visual weight on each side of a central vertical axis.
Proportion The relationship of one portion to another, or of one portion to the whole.
Scale The relative ratio of size, or the relationship of the size of a composition to the surrounding area or environment.
Focal Area The area of greatest visual impact or weight; the center of interest to which the eye is most naturally drawn. Center of gravity or balance Where the eye rests One element different than others Examples: Gnarled tree Piece of sculpture Attractive spring flowers Water feature Large tree
Rhythm Flow or movement characterized by regular recurrence of elements or features Use repeated patterns and graceful spacing. The goal is to create a visual pathway that leads the viewer’s eye around and through the design, then back to the focal point.
Repetition The recurrence of like elements within a composition.
Transition The ease of visual movement which results from gradual degrees of change among one or more of the elements
Opposition Contrast between elements which are counterpoint in relation to each other. Call attention to each other by being opposite whereas contrast is simply different from each other
Variation Dissimilarity among attributes or characteristics. Diversity among elements Vary stages of development All one color of flower, but different flowers
elimination of unnecessary detail • too much variety or detail creates confusion of perception • reduction of a design to its simplest, functional form • avoids unnecessary cost and maintenance simplicity
unity Oneness of purpose, thought, style, and spirit.
