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The History of Socialism

The History of Socialism. Socialism as a social movement focusing on egalitarianism Socialism as a political movement focusing on the revolutionary change Socialism as an economic system focuses on on secure and stable economy guaranteeing work and equal distribution of income

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The History of Socialism

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  1. The History of Socialism • Socialism as a social movement focusing on egalitarianism • Socialism as a political movement focusing on the revolutionary change • Socialism as an economic system focuses on on secure and stable economy guaranteeing work and equal distribution of income • Socialism as incomplete communism, the initial stage of the communist mode of production

  2. Marxist View • Marx and the evolution of modes of production (dialectic method of Hegel) • Marx and materialist interpretation of history (production forces and production relations based on property) • Marx and labor theory of value (continuing tradition of Smith and Ricardo) • Marx and the communist revolution: objective and subjective factors (industrialization and two antagonistic classes) The threory of surplus value

  3. Utopian Socialism • Charles Fourier (non-industrial cooperative society with an emphasis on equality and eqalitarianism) • Robert Owen (industrial relations with profit sharing by workers) • Henri St.Simon (social engineering and the role of technocrats and planners)

  4. Marx (continued) • Socialism as incomplete communism • Socialism and the state • Socialism and the mode of distribution • Full communism

  5. The theory of surplus value • W=c+v+s • Organic composition q=C/(c=v) • S’ =s/v • p’= s/(c+v) • The breakup of capitalism

  6. Socialist Controversy • Mises and infeasibility of socialism (the role of entrepreneur) • Mises and rational calculation (markets and prices as coordination mechanism) • Mises and private property (cost awareness by the producer) • Mises and competitive markets (prices and competitive markets) • Mises and the state under socialism

  7. National Models of Socialism • Revolution from within (the internal antagonisms) and revolution from without (export of revolution) • Models in isolation and interacting models (closed economy and hostile encirclement) • Models and reforms (revisionism)

  8. Economies in Transition • Transition from previously socialist to desirably market economies • Initial conditions • Pace and sequence • Driving forces • External conditionality

  9. Religious and philosophical precursors of socialism • Plato • Millennarianism

  10. Special Cases • The Soviet Union: politics and economics • Maoism • Titoism • Evolution of the Soviet model • The formative years and experimentation • The launching of the model • Model revised

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