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Mrs. Hooks

Mrs. Hooks. Ch. 22 Electricity. Learning Targets NGSS 2-3, 2-4, 2-5. 1. I understand that fields exist between objects and all objects exert a force on one another, even when they are not in direct contact. 2. I can determine the factors that affect the strength of a magnetic force.

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Mrs. Hooks

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  1. Mrs. Hooks Ch. 22 Electricity

  2. Learning TargetsNGSS 2-3, 2-4, 2-5 • 1. I understand that fields exist between objects and all objects exert a force on one another, even when they are not in direct contact. • 2. I can determine the factors that affect the strength of a magnetic force.

  3. Electric Charge *All solids, liquids, and gasses are made up of tiny particles called atoms. • Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. * Strong Nuclear Force holds protons and neutrons inside the nucleus. • Protons and electrons have an electric charge and neutrons do NOT have an electric charge. • 2 types of Electric Charge are Positive and Negative • Ions- a positively or negatively charged atom.

  4. Electrons are constantly on the MOVE! • The imbalance of electric charge on an object is called static charge. • Due to transfer of electrons between objects • One object is negative and one object is positive and they attract.

  5. Electric Forces • All charged objects exert an electric force on each other. • The electric force between two objects can be attractive or repulsive. Unlike charges attract. Like Charges repel. Like Charges repel. + - + + - -

  6. Electric Force between two charged objects depends on….. • 1. the distance between them • 2. the amount of charge on each object. REMEMBER!!!!! • THE ELECTIRC FORCE GETS STRONGER AS THE CHARGES GET CLOSER TOGETHER. - two like charges push away stronger the closer they are together. 2. THE ELECTRIC FORCE BETWEEN TWO OBJECTS THAT ARE CHARGED INCREASES IF THE AMOUNT OF CHARGE ON AT LEAST ONE OF THE OBJECTS INCREASES.

  7. Electric Fields • Electric Fields- area that exists around every electric charge that exerts a force on other electric forces. • An electric field gets stronger as you get closer to a charge, just as the electric force between two forces become greater as the charges get closer.

  8. Definitions you need to know…. • Electric Discharge- rapid movement of excess charge from one place to another • Examples: getting shocked by touching door, Lightning • Grounding- process of providing a pathway to drain excess charge into Earth

  9. Electric Force is the SAME as Magnetic Force!!!!! • Magnets attract objects made of iron and steel. • One end of a magnet is the North pole and one end is the South Pole. • Magnetic Force is Dependent upon… • Distance • Amount of charge N S N N S S

  10. Magnetic force is exerted through a magnetic field • Magnetic fields surround all magnets.

  11. Insulators vs. Conductor Induced charge vs. Grounding Induced charge is when an objects charges separate due to an electric field. Electric Discharge occurs when there is a rapid movement of excess charge from one place to another. Getting shocked Lightning Grounding- a way to avoid the damage of an electric discharge by providing a pathway to drain excess charge, usually by another conductor. • Insulator- materials in which electrons can not move easily from place to place • Plastic • Glass • Rubber • Wood • foam • Conductor- materials that contain electrons that can move more easily in the material. • METALS such as copper are in wires. • Aluminum • Steel • Water • Other metals

  12. Electric Current • Electric Current- Flow of electric charge. • Model ex- Water Flowing

  13. Electric charges will flow continuously only through a closed conducting loop called a circuit. • Electric circuit contains: • Source of electrical energy (battery) • Electric conductor (Wire) • Lightbulb or other electric device • Voltage- the measure of how much electrical potential energy each electron can gain. (V) • Resistance- the measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow through a material • Depends on- amount of thermal energy produced & length and thickness of wire • Copper-_____ resistance- because____________________ • Tungsten-____resistance- because____________________

  14. Electric Circuits • Ohm’s Law- law showing the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit. • According to this law, when the voltage in a circuit increases the current increases. Voltage = current X resistance or V=IR

  15. Series Circuits Parallel Circuits • A circuit that has only one path for the electric current to follow. • If the current is broken then the current will no longer will flow and all devices in the circuit will stop working.

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