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GastroIntestinal System

GastroIntestinal System. Chapter 7. Student Objectives. Explain the main functions of the gastrointestinal system. Identify the main organs and accessory organs. Explain the role of the liver and gallbladder in digestion. Student Objectives.

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GastroIntestinal System

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  1. GastroIntestinal System Chapter 7

  2. Student Objectives • Explain the main functions of the gastrointestinal system. • Identify the main organs and accessory organs. • Explain the role of the liver and gallbladder in digestion.

  3. Student Objectives • Identify combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes related to the GI system. • Discuss pathology related to the GI system. • Identify diagnostic, symptomatic, and therapeutic terms related to the GI system. • Identify abbreviations and pharmacology related to the GI system.

  4. Anatomy/Physiology • Responsible for the intake, digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of solid waste. • Alimentary Canal (GI tract) • Aliment/o - to nourish

  5. Accessory Digestive Organs • Teeth • tongue • salivary glands • liver • gallbladder • pancreas

  6. Oral Cavity • Mouth (bucca, tongue) • papillae • Teech • mastication • dentin • pulp • gingiva

  7. Teeth • Maxillary arch (upper) • Mandibular arch (lower) • anterior teeth for biting and tearing • posterior teeth for chewing and grinding • dent/i - teeth • decidu/o - shedding • Primary - 20 teeth • Permanent - 32 teeth

  8. Oral Cavity • Palate, hard and soft • bolus • Pharynx • Uvula • Esophagus • Epiglottis

  9. Esophagus • Gullet • chyme • cardiac, or lower esophageal or gastroesophageal sphincter

  10. Stomach Fundus • Body, fundus • pylorus • rugae • pyloric sphincter Body

  11. Small Intestine • small bowel • enter/o - small intestine • villi • Parts • duodenum • jejunum • ileum • ileocecal valve

  12. Large Intestine • Large Bowel • col/o or colon/o • cecum • vermiform appendix

  13. Colon • ascending • hepatic flexure • transverse • splenic flexure • descending • Sigmoid • Rectum • Anus

  14. Liver - hepat/o • Functions • production of bile • glucose - glycogen • storage of vitamins, B12, A, D, E, K • erythrocytolysis (pigment released eliminated in bile called bilirubin) • bilirubin gives stool its characteristic dark color • removes toxins from blood • manufactures blood proteins

  15. Pancreas • internal - endocrine function • insulin • glucogon • external - exocrine function • amylase - carbohydrates • trypsin, chymotrypsin - proteins • lipase - fats • enzymes inactive until reach duodenum

  16. Gallbladder • pear-shaped sac under the liver • chol/e means bile or gall • cyst/o means cyst or sac • gallbladder contracts forcing bile out cystic duct into common bile duct.

  17. Bile • bile is a digestive juice- emulsifier acts on fat in a way that lipid enzymes can digest fat • travels via hepatic duct to cystic duct to gall bladder, where stored • bile consists of water, bile salts, cholesterol, and bilirubin (a colored substance resulting from breakdown of hemoglobin) • bilirubin gives bile yellow or orange color

  18. Stomach during Digestion • Gastric juices • HCL - activates enzymes • protease • pepsin • lipase • Chyme

  19. Small Intestine during Digestion • digestion completed in small intestine • chyme mixed with bile and pancreatic juices • emulsification • absorption

  20. Large Intestine • receive fluid waste products and store until released from body. • excess water absorbed • feces, stools • defecation, or bowel movement

  21. Pathology - Ulcers • Gastric ulcers • Peptic ulcers • Ulcerative Colitis

  22. Pathology - Hernias • Diaphragmatic • Hiatal, Gastroesophageal • Inguinal • Umbilical

  23. Bowel Obstructions • Volvulus • Ischemia • Necrosis • Peritonitis • Intussusception

  24. Hemorrhoids • Internal • External • Hemorrhoidectomy

  25. Liver Disorders • Yellow skin - jaundice, icterus • Hepatitis • Type A - fecal, oral • Type B - parenteral, sexual, perinatal • Type C - parenteral to blood, blood products

  26. Diverticulosis • Diverticulitis • obstipation • diverticulectomy

  27. Oncology • Neoplasn from epithelial lining • gastric adenocarcinoma • esophageal carcinomas • hepatocellular carcinomas • pancreatic carcinomas

  28. Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic Terms • Aerophagia • anorexia • appendicitis • ascites • borborygmus • bulimia

  29. Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic Terms • cachexia • cholelithiasis • cleft palate • Crohn’s disease • cirrhosis • colic

  30. Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic Terms • deglutition • dysentery • dysphagia • eructation • fecalith • flatus • gastroesophageal reflux disease

  31. Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic Terms • Halitosis • hematemesis • irritable bowel syndrome • leukoplakia • malabsorption syndrome • melena • obstipation

  32. Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic Terms • Peristalsis • pyloric stenosis • regurgitation • steatorrhea • visceroptosis

  33. Ac bid hs NPO pc, pp PO PRN qam, qm qd qh q2h qid qod qpm, qn stat tid Abbreviations

  34. ABC alk phos Ba BaE Dx EGD FBS GB GTT IVCPUD SGOT UGI Diagnostic Abbreviations

  35. BM GERD GI HAV HBV IBS IV LLQ LUQ PE PMH RUQ Other Abbreviations

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