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Learn about the four major types of tissues in the body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues. Explore their functions, locations, and structures. Discover the different cell types within connective tissue and the types of muscle tissues. Understand how nervous tissues transmit signals.
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Tissues • Cells are organized into sheets or groups called tissues. • There are four major tissue types found in the body: • epithelial tissue (ET) • connective tissue (CT) • muscle tissue • nervous tissue
Epithelial Tissue (ET) • Epithelia are sheets of cells that function in protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion. • Epithelium is composed of tightly packed cells anchored to a basement membrane. • It lacks blood vessels and rapidly divides. • ET are classified by cell shape and number of cell layers.
Simple Squamous Location Function Structure • air sacs, blood vessels • diffusion, cushion • thin, single cell
Simple Cuboidal Location Function Structure • kidneys, ducts of glands • absorption, secretion • boxy, single cell
Simple Columnar Location Function Structure • digestive tract • protection, secretion, absorption • tall, single cell
Pseudo-Stratified Columnar Location Function Structure • trachea • fallopian tubes • protection, secretion • tall, un-uniform single layers
Stratified Squamous Location Function Structure • keratinized – epidermis • non-keratinized – mouth, anus • protection, keep out anything “unwanted” • flat, multi-layered
Transitional Location Function Structure • urinary bladder • shape changing, stretching • shape changing, single layer
Connective Tissues (CT) • Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue in the body. • Extracellular material, a matrix, makes up the bulk of the tissue. • Matrix is composed of fibers and ground substance. • Connective tissue cells usually can divide.
CT Cell Types • Three types of CT cells… • Fibroblasts • Macrophages • Mast Cells
Loose Connective Tissue • Loose CT or areolar tissue binds organs together and holds tissue fluids. • It forms thin membranes found beneath the skin, between muscles, and beneath epithelial tissue.
Reticular Connective Tissue • Reticular connective tissue supports organs.
Dense Connective Tissue • Dense connective tissue binds organs together. • It is found in tendons, ligaments, and the dermis of the skin. *CONTAINS COLLAGEN
Elastic Connective Tissue • Elastic connective tissue supports, protects, and provides a flexible framework. • It connects vertebrae and is found in the walls of arteries and airways.
Adipose Tissue • Adipose tissue protects, insulates, and stores fat in droplets inside the cells. • It is found beneath the skin, around the kidneys, behind the eyes, and on the heart.
Cartilage (CT) • Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue. • Cartilage lacks blood vessels. • Thee types of Cartilage… • Hyaline cartliage • Elastic cartliage • Fibrocartliage
Bone • Bone supports, protects, provides a framework for muscle attachment.
Blood • Blood transports gases, nutrients, and wastes, defends against disease, and acts in clotting.
Muscle Tissue (MT) There are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Properties: • It is contractile (muscle fibers can shorten and thicken). • It is excitable.
Skeletal Muscle Location Function Structure • on the skeleton – whole body • movement • found in bundles, contracts
Smooth Muscle Location Function Structure • digestive tract • peristalsis • thin, smooth, tapered
Cardiac Muscle Location Function Structure • heart • keep heart beating – does not tire easy • thick, with striated bands
Nervous Tissues • Nervous tissue is excitable like muscle tissue. • It is found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral neurons. • Nerve cells or neurons sense changes and transmit signals.
