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DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid “The Blueprint of Life”

DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid “The Blueprint of Life”. I. DNA Structure & Function. A. What is DNA?. 1. Organic molecule 2. Nucleic acid. B.Where is it located ?. 1. Nucleus 2. Chromosomes. X. DNA. Chromosomes in Nucleus. C . Structure of DNA. Nucleotides a. Phosphoric Acid

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DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid “The Blueprint of Life”

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  1. DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid“The Blueprint of Life” I. DNA Structure & Function

  2. A. What is DNA? 1. Organic molecule 2. Nucleic acid

  3. B.Where is itlocated? 1. Nucleus 2. Chromosomes X DNA

  4. Chromosomes in Nucleus

  5. C. Structure of DNA • Nucleotides a. Phosphoric Acid b. Deoxyribose sugar c. Nitrogenous bases: Adenine-Thymine Guanine-Cytosine 2. Ladder Shape 3. Double strand, helix twist

  6. Ladder Shape (Sides & Rungs) Sugar Acid Sugar Acid Sugar Sides: • Phosphoric Acid • Sugar • Phosphoric Acid Rungs: • A-T • T-A • G-C • C-G • T-A • G-C • C-G • A-T

  7. Watson & Crick’s Double helix:

  8. D. What is DNA’s Function? • Hereditary Instructions • Chemical code for every trait • “Blueprint” for making Proteins

  9. Chromosome DNA Code: Hair Color Genes = • Segments of DNA • Code for a trait X Eye Color

  10. DNA Chromosome Code: Acid Acid Sugar-T-A-Sugar Acid Acid Sugar-G-C-Sugar Acid Acid Sugar-C-G-Sugar X Triplets= • Sets of 3 Nucleotides • Code for Trait

  11. DNA Chromosome Code: *** *- ** *-* Like Morse Code: Hair = Or DNA A-T A-T G-C C-G T-A C-G

  12. DNA Replication • Chromosomes double • Mitosis • Late Interphase • 2n to 4n 2N 2N

  13. E. Steps for DNA Replication: • DNA untwists • DNA unzips • Enzyme: Helicase • Replication Fork: • RNA Primer • Enzyme: Primase • Corresponding base pairs • Line up • In sets of 3 nucleotides • Triplets or “codons” • DNA reforms • 2 strands twist into helix Identical Strand

  14. DNA Replication Cont: 4. base pairs / Complementary Strand • Line up • In sets of 3 nucleotides: Triplets • Or “codons • Enzyme: DNA Polymerase III • Fragments Connect: • Enzyme: Ligase

  15. DNA Replication Cont: • RNA is replaces and proofread • Enzyme: Polymerase I 7. DNA reforms and twists to form double helix

  16. RNA Ribonucleic Acid“DNA messenger & taxi” II. RNA Structure & Function

  17. A. What is RNA? • Organic Molecule • Nucleic Acid • mRNA= messenger tRNA= transfer Ribonucleic Acid

  18. B. Where is RNA located? • mRNA in nucleus & cytoplasm • tRNA only in cytoplasm mRNA mRNA tRNA

  19. Acid Sugar-Base Acid Sugar-Base Acid Sugar-Base Acid Sugar-Base Nucleotides= a. Phosphoric Acid b. Ribose sugar c. Nitrogenous Bases: Adenine-Uracil Guanine-Cytocine 2. Single Strand 3. No Twisted helix B. What is RNA’s structure?

  20. Comparison of RNA & DNA: • Acid • Sugar-Base • Acid • Sugar-Base • Acid • Sugar-Base • Acid • Sugar-Base • Acid Acid • Sugar-Base-Sugar • Acid Acid • Sugar-Base-Sugar • Acid Acid • Sugar-Base-Sugar • Acid Acid Uracil Thymine Deoxy-ribose Ribose RNA DNA Ladder

  21. D. What are RNA’s functions: • mRNA= • Copies the DNA code • Deliveries message to Ribosome • Protein Factories

  22. Why not send the original DNA code out? Original DNA • DNA might be damaged! • mRNA components are reused • To copy more messages mRNA copy

  23. RNA function cont. Amino acid • tRNA: • in cytoplasm • Picks up an amino acid • “Taxis” the aa to the Ribosome protein factories tRNA

  24. III. Protein Synthesis Assembling Proteins from the DNA Instructions

  25. A. Transcription: • mRNA is copied off of DNA • In nucleus • Steps: • DNA untwists • DNA unzips • RNA codons line up

  26. Transcription: mRNA mRNA has: • Ribose sugar • Uracil instead of thymine bases • Nuclear membrane allows it to leave! A T C G U A G C I I I DNA Code

  27. Transcription in The nucleus DNA mRNA copy

  28. B. Translation = • Conversion of the message (mRNA Code) • Into a protein • By the ribosome factories

  29. B.Translation tRNA taxi A • mRNA arrives at the Ribosome • tRNA picks up an amino acid • tRNA delivers the aa to the ribosome • aa are assembled into polypeptide proteins U C G U A G C mRNA code

  30. 4. Polypeptide Chain of amino acids grows 2. Peptide bond forms 3. tRNA leaves ribosome • tRNA delivers amino acid

  31. DNA Replication: Make duplicate DNA In nucleus Copy the chromosomes For Mitosis Protein Synthesis: Transcrition: Make mRNA From DNA Translation: Make protein Off mRNA code Using amino acids Summary:

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