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DNA: The Alphabet of Life

DNA: The Alphabet of Life. DNA. DeoxyriboNucleic Acid. Stores and passes on genetic information from one generation to another. DNA Structure. The DNA structure is shaped like a spiral staircase, or twisted ladder. It is called a double helix. DNA Structure.

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DNA: The Alphabet of Life

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  1. DNA: The Alphabet of Life

  2. DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Stores and passes on genetic information from one generation to another.

  3. DNA Structure The DNA structure is shaped like a spiral staircase, or twisted ladder. It is called a double helix.

  4. DNA Structure The outer parts of the double helix are made from sugars.

  5. DNA STRUCTURE The steps of the ladder are made of pairs of nitrogen bases

  6. DNA STRUCTURE • Adenine = A • Guanine = G • Cytosine = C • Thymine = T • They are represented by theircapital letter.

  7. DNA STRUCTURE There is only one way the nitrogen bases can form. Adenine pairs with Thymine Guanine pairs with Cytosine

  8. DNA Structure Base pairs are always the same G C T A A C G T

  9. DNA STRUCTURE A C T C A T G G T C A T G T G A G T A C C A G T A C This is an example of a genetic code that may be found in your body.

  10. DNA STRUCTURE The combination of nitrogen bases is the code that produces the genes for a particular trait.

  11. DNA STRUCTURE Because there are so many different combination of bases the code can be limitless.

  12. DNA STRUCTURE Example: ATCGTCAGG may be for hair color. but ATCGTCAGC may be for eye color.

  13. DNA REPLICATION Replication: The process where DNA molecules form an exact duplicate.

  14. DNA REPLICATION • The ladder splits • Weak hydrogen bonds between the base pairs break • Free floating nitrogenous bases begin to pair with each strand • Two new DNA chains are formed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bW5JnYZImJA&feature=fvst

  15. Weak chemical bonds Free floating nitrogen bases

  16. Protein Synthesis • The work of the cell is carried out by many types of molecules the cell assembles (synthesizes). • Many of these molecules are proteins. • Protein molecules are long chains formed from 20 kinds of amino acids in a specific sequence.

  17. Protein Synthesis • The sequence of amino acids influences the shape of the protein which enables it to carry out its function.

  18. Protein Synthesis • Many proteins: • are enzymes that regulate chemical reactions. • become parts of organelles. • are hormones such as insulin. • are antibodies. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=983lhh20rGY

  19. The DNA-Protein Connection • Much of the coded information stored in genes is used to make proteins for cell function and structure. • These proteins are made at the ribosomes according to the directions stored in the DNA. • Since a child inherits part of a parents DNA, it could also inherit protein-dependant traits such as hair texture (straight or curly).

  20. J.R. Wanamaker from www.lew-port.com

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