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Expectancy Violations Theory

Expectancy Violations Theory. Judee Burgoon. Nutshell Description. Individuals develop expectations of other people’s behavior Expectations can be fulfilled (normative, expected communication behaviors) or violated EVT is interested in what happens when expectancies are violated

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Expectancy Violations Theory

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  1. Expectancy Violations Theory Judee Burgoon

  2. Nutshell Description • Individuals develop expectations of other people’s behavior • Expectations can be fulfilled (normative, expected communication behaviors) or violated • EVT is interested in what happens when expectancies are violated • Variables of interest: attitude (liking, satisfaction), behavior (compliance)

  3. Key Ideas • An expectancy is something that is predicted to occur. • Expectancies are based on context/cultural norms, relationship factors, and communicator characteristics • All cultures have a structure of expected communication behaviors, but the content can differ significantly

  4. Communicators and expectancy violations both have reward valence • Positive valence: Good • Negative valence: Bad

  5. Communicator reward valence: sum of the positive and negative attributes that the person brings to the encounter plus the potential she/he has to reward or punish in the future • Spouse, boss, bratty kid brother, physician, etc.

  6. Violation valence: perceived value of a breach of expectations • Some violations are clearly negative or positive (although dependent on context and culture!); first date: flowers/candy versus being late • Some violations are equivocal; touch

  7. Guidelines • When a behavior has “socially recognized” and agreed upon meaning: • If valence is negative, do less than expected • If valence is positive, do more than expected • If behavior is ambiguous, communicator valence is particularly important

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