Do Now: 10/6/19

1. Do Now: 10/6/19 What is liberty?

2. Scramble for Territory • Rivalry among European Nations for Control of N. America began early. • English built settlements along eastern seacoast during 1600s. • French explored farther inland, claimed territory to the Rocky Mountains. • Conflict erupted due to overlapping claims.

3. 1650

4. 1750 Boundaries of Colonial Expansion

5. War Begins • In 1754, English colonists of Virginia attempted to take a French Fort (Fort Duquesne) at the forks of the Ohio River. • Led by a young Major George Washington. • Thus began the French and Indian War. • French and Indian allies fought against the British and American Colonists.

6. Colonies Unify to Fight a Common Enemy • June, 1754, delegates from several English colonies met in Albany, N.Y. • Attempted to work out unified war effort in northern colonies. • Ben Franklin, a Pennsylvania delegate, offered a plan for permanent union of the colonies. • Albany Plan of Union • Grand council of delegates from each colony. • Ultimately rejected, but served as model for the later govt. of the U.S.

7. British Turn the Tide of War • War initially goes poorly for British. • 1758, French retreat into New France. • Iroquois decide that French cause is hopeless, shift sides. • 1759, British invade New France and capture Quebec.

9. Treaty of Paris - 1763 • Ended the French and Indian War. • France gave New France East of Mississippi River to Britain. • France gave New France West of Mississippi River to Spain. • British returned Cuba in exchange for Florida.

10. Despite Victory, Relations are Strained • British thought colonists did not provide enough support. • War was long and costly. • Britain had fought to protect them. • Colonists shocked by the weakness of British military tactics. • British would not allow colonial officers to lead their troops. • French no longer held territory west of the Appalachians.

11. Do Now: 10/8/19 What did the Treaty of Paris- 1763 end?

12. Tensions with Native Americans • After war, increased interest in Great Lakes region and Ohio River valley. • Colonists began to move into the Ohio River Valley because the land now belonged to England. • Alarmed natives rebelled in 1763 (Pontiac’s Rebellion). • To help restore peace, George III issued Proclamation of 1763. • Closed area west of Appalachians. • Placed under control of British military.

15. Do Now: 10/10/19 • What was the Proclamation of 1763? • A boundary line that limited the colonists movement west passed the Appalachian mountains.

16. Sugar Act • Britain acquired huge debts during war. • Sugar Act 1764 – marked start of a new British policy designed to raise $. • Parliament issued new rules to enforce the act. • Smuggling cases tried in Britain. • By a judge, not a jury. • Judges received commissions on illegal cargoes and fines.

17. Quartering Act • 1765, colonies required to provide housing and supplies for the British troops who remained in the colonies. • Some complained, but most went along with it.

18. Stamp Act Crisis • Stamp Act (March, 1765) – tax on newspapers, legal documents, most printed materials. • Official govt. stamp had to appear on these materials to show tax was paid. • 1st tax that was clearly intended to raise $ w/ no regulation of trade.

20. Stamp Act Crisis • In October, delegates from 9 colonies met as Stamp Act Congress. • Main organizer was James Otis. • “No taxation w/out representation”. • Sent petitions/letters to King/Parliament. • Merchants boycotted British goods. • British merchants angered. • Groups (Sons/Daughters of Liberty). • No one to sell stamps in America. • 1766-Parliament repealed Stamp Act.

21. Townshend Act In 1767, The English Parliament passed the Townshend Revenue Acts, imposing a new series of taxes on the colonists to pay for the costs of administering and protecting the American colonies. Items taxed included imports such as paper, tea, glass, lead and paints. This was smart, colonists could not make these items themselves.