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The Big Dig

Learn the systematic process of uncovering, recording, and interpreting buried artifacts and features. Discover various techniques used in archaeological excavation. Includes cleaning, recording, surveying, and stratigraphy methods.

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The Big Dig

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  1. The Big Dig Theme 3, Unit 2, Lesson 2

  2. Archaeological Excavation Slide 2 Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 The systematic removal, recording, conservation and interpretation of features and artefacts buried in the ground • Systematic: An ordered process from start to finish • Removal: The ‘dig’ part of the process • Recording: Drawings, plans, photographs, forms, labels etc • Conservation: Conserving and storing the ‘finds’ • Interpretation: Making sense of what was found

  3. Slide 3 Possible Archaeological Feature Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Discovery: Archaeologists Monitoring Removal of Topsoil

  4. Slide 4 Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 ‘Cleaning-Back’

  5. Slide 5 Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Site Survey Setting Out a Survey Grid

  6. Slide 6 Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Pre-Excavation Drawing

  7. Slide 7 Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Context Numbers The basic procedure for recording is using context numbers Every individual feature recognised after the ‘cleaning-back’ stage is given a unique context number Each one of its component features- as recognised by the archaeologist excavating it- is also given a unique context number

  8. Slide 8 Medieval Iron Age Bronze Age Neolithic Mesolithic Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Stratigraphy

  9. Slide 9 Trowel Hoe Mattock Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2

  10. Slide 10 Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 … and Shovels!

  11. Slide 11 Large Context Small Context Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2

  12. Slide 12 Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Recording • Written description • Context Record Sheet • Plan and section • Photographs

  13. Slide 13 Post Hole Label Context Record Sheet Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2

  14. Slide 14 Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Recording the Slot Trench of a Neolithic House

  15. Slide 15 a b c Stake Holes a² = b² + c² Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Fixed Base Line

  16. Slide 16 Level Measuring Rod Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Taking Levels

  17. Slide 17 Post Holes Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Excavation of a Bronze Age House

  18. Slide 18 Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2

  19. Slide 19 Bottom Layer Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Layers Deposited in the Fosse of a Moated Site

  20. Slide 20 Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Excavation of a Neolithic House

  21. Slide 21 Pits Soil Samples Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Taking Soil Samples

  22. Slide 22 Name of Excavation Excavation Code Context Number Sample Number Type of Sample- Soil Sample. Number of Bag Date and Initials of Archaeologist Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Soil Sample

  23. Slide 23 Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2

  24. Slide 24 Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Dry Sieving

  25. Slide 25 Burial Pit Bronze Age Urn Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Bronze Age Urn Burial

  26. Slide 26 Urn as Found Repaired Urn Ready for Lifting Urn Being Repaired Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2

  27. Slide 27 Bone Being Removed Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Cremated Bone in Urn

  28. Slide 28 Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Urn Burial • Cremated burial • Remains placed in pit • Cremated bone placed in neat bundle in pit • Earthenware urn inverted over bone • No surface indication of burial • Bronze Age in date

  29. Slide 29 Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2 Artefacts are Useful for Dating Archaeological Contexts

  30. Slide 30 Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2

  31. Slide 31 Sharpened Edge of Scraper Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2

  32. Slide 32 Site Office Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2

  33. Slide 33 Sorting Artefacts from Excavation Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2

  34. Slide 34 Packing Up Theme 3, Unit 2, LESSON 2

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