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  1. Managing Type II Diabetes Robin O’Dell University of Louisiana at Lafayette Nursing 583

  2. What is Type II Diabetes? A problem in your body where blood sugar levels (glucose) rise higher than normal. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body doesn’t use insulin properly.

  3. What is Type II Diabetes? When you eat, food Is turned into blood glucose (sugar). For your body to use this, It must have insulin. Insulin is the “key” that unlocks the door to the body’s cells, allowing the glucose in to provide energy.

  4. What is Type II Diabetes? Type 2 diabetes occurs because of either or both: Your body makes insulin but it does not work as well as it should. The keys do not work very well on the door. Your body does not make enough insulin.

  5. Why Care? Complications of type 2 diabetes are numerous (too many to list). Stroke Nerve damage Heart attack Kidney disease Eye problems Amputations

  6. Managing Diabetes Monitor blood sugar often and learn to problem solve If the numbers are abnormal.

  7. What does high blood sugar feel like? Confusion Frequent Urination Weakness Extreme thirst Weight Loss Nausea Dry Mouth Convulsions Lethargy

  8. Managing Diabetes Hemoglobin A1C shows what your blood sugars have been over the last 3 months. Goal is < 7%. Blood pressure goal is tailored to the individual. Cholesterol- LDL < 100 mg/dl, HDL men > 40mg/dl, women > 50 mg/dl

  9. Managing Diabetes Regular blood sugar monitoring is important in maintaining normal blood sugar. Most insurances will cover 2 test strips a day for type 2 diabetics. What to do if blood sugar is high? Did you take your medicine? Proper dose? Expired? Taken at right time? Notify provider.

  10. Self Management Healthy Eating- should include complex carbs, fiber, protein, vegetables, limited amount of healthy fats. Being Active- Start with 5-10 mins/day to a goal of 150 mins/wk. Monitoring- Check blood sugar regularly. Bring logs to appointments. Use numbers to guide self-care. Taking Medication- take on the right schedule-link it to other activities. Problem Solving- Don’t beat yourself up, analyze your day, learn from it, discuss solutions. Reduce Risks- don’t smoke, listen to your body, take care of your feet, see dr’s regularly, don’t forget eye appt and dental appts. Healthy Coping- support groups, think positive.

  11. Healthy Eating Plate Method 1. Put a line down the middle of your plate, then put another line in the middle of one of the sides 2. Fill largest section with non-starchy vegetables. 3. Grains and starchy foods go in one of the small sections. 4. Put protein in the other small section. 5. Add a serving of fruit, dairy or both as your meal plan allows. 6. Eat health fats in small amounts. 7. Drink low calorie drinks, water is preferred. Create Your Plate Interactive Link

  12. Exercise • Benefits • -Increased insulin sensitivity. • -Improves glycemic control-lowers hemoglobin A1c. • -Improves cholesterol. • -Improves blood pressure. • -Helps control weight • -Can improve sleep, self confidence, mood, self-esteem. • Start Small • 5 to 10 minutes a day and work up. • Work up to at least 30 mins most days. • Strength Training • 2-3 x’s a week in addition to aerobic activities. • Makes body more sensitive to insulin.

  13. Need Help? There are Smart Phone Apps! AADE Diabetes Goal Tracker - Track calories, carbohydrates, total fat and sodium. Clickable icons provide more information on types of calories, carbs, fat and sodium. Can create diabetes friendly recipes and share them with the goal tracker community. - Set goals based on: 1. Eating Healthier 2. Increasing exercise 3. Monitoring blood glucose 4. Take medications as prescribed 5. Learn how to problem solve 6. Reducing risks for complications 7. Coping with emotional issues. Other Features Reminders to check in and monitor progress. Community to share completed goals, for motivation and support. App is loaded with information.

  14. Need More Help? Diabetes Management Apps 1. Glucose Buddy-logbook, reminders, Can easily print out logs to share with healthcare team. 2. Diabetes Logbook- can personalize logbook, estimate A1c, reminders, graphs, social sharing, motivational avatar. 3. Diabetik- praised as very straightforward and easy to use app. 4. Diabetic Connect- log sugars, meals, medication and more. Can synchronize with other devices. 5. Calorie Counter Pro- Simple food logging. 6. Fooducate-Simple nutrition app that quickly teaches users what foods are safe for blood sugar level. Websites Diabetes Care Community Diabetic Connect Community DLife

  15. References Abma, R. K., (2015). Blood sugar monitoring: When to check and why. Retrieved from http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/managing-diabetes/ blood-glucose-management/blood-glucose-monitoring-when-to-check-and- why/2/ Agarwal, J. (2015). The diabetik app provides patients a way to manage their diabetes. Retrieved from http:// www.imedicalapps.com/2014/04/diabetik-app-patients-diabetes/ Alliance Health. (2015). Diabetic connect. Retrieved from http://www.diabeticconnect.com American Association of Diabetes Educators. (2010). Asde7 self-care behaviors. Retrieved from https://www.diabeteseducator.org/patient-resources/aade7-self-care-behaviors American Association of Diabetes Educators. (n. d.). Diabetes goal tracker mobile app. Retrieved from https:// www.diabeteseducator.org/patient-resources/diabetes-goal-tracker-app American Diabetes Association. (2015). Create your plate. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/food-and- fitness/food/planning-meals/create-your-plate/#seven American Heart Association. (2015). Pre-diabetes and digestion. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Diabetes/ AboutDiabetes/Pre-diabetes-and-Digestion_UCM_461499_Article.jsp# Carey, E. & Cherney, K. (2015). The best diabetes iphone and android apps of 2015. Retrieved from http:// www.healthline.com/health/diabetes/top-iphone-android-apps Diabetes Care Community. (2015). Diabetes care community Learn, care, connect. Retrieved from https:// www.diabetescarecommunity.ca Diabetes Management and Supplies. (2015). Self-care behaviors lay foundation for control. Retrieved from http://blog.diabetesms.com/?p=3343

  16. References National Diabetes Education Program. (n. d.) Step 2: Know your diabetes abcs. Retrieved from http://ndep.nih.gov/i-have-diabetes/ knowyourabcs.aspx Oregon Health Authority. (2008). Blood glucose, insulin and type 2 diabetes. Retrieved from https://public.health.oregon.gov/DiseasesConditions/ ChronicDisease/Diabetes/resourcebank/Documents/Type_2.pdf Skyhealth. (2011). Glucose buddy. Retrieved from http:// www.glucosebuddy.com LifeMed Media. (2015). Dlife: It’s your diabetes life. Retrieved from http:// www.dlife.com MySugr. (n. d.). Diabetes apps mobile and on the web. Retrieved from https:// mysugr.com Stamp, K., Allen, N. A., Lehrer, S., Zagarins, S., & Welch, G. (2012). Telehealth Program for Medicaid Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Lowers Hemoglobin A1c. Journal Of Managed Care Medicine, 15(4), 39-46.

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