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1755: Philosopher Immanuel Kant proposes the universe is filled with

1755: Philosopher Immanuel Kant proposes the universe is filled with great wheels of stars - ‘island universes’ 1845: William Parsons identifies ‘spiral nebulae’. The Great Debate (1920):.

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1755: Philosopher Immanuel Kant proposes the universe is filled with

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  1. 1755: Philosopher Immanuel Kant proposes the universe is filled with great wheels of stars - ‘island universes’ 1845: William Parsons identifies ‘spiral nebulae’

  2. The Great Debate (1920): Harlow Shapley argued that the "spiral nebulae" were nearby gas clouds, and that the Universe was composed of only one big Galaxy. Heber D. Curtis argued that the universe is composed of many galaxies like our own • 1924: Edwin Hubble measures distances to the brightest spiral • nebulae • Supergiant stars in the spiral nebulae are so faint that they must be • far outside the Milky Way

  3. Andromeda Galaxy

  4. Large and Small Magellanic Clouds

  5. Large Magellanic Cloud

  6. Large Magellanic Cloud

  7. Small Magellanic Cloud

  8. Pinwheel Galaxy

  9. Shapes of Galaxies

  10. Spiral Galaxies,.... ...elliptical galaxies,... ... and irregular galaxies

  11. NGC4414

  12. M87

  13. NGC1365

  14. M110

  15. NGC2953

  16. M81

  17. NGC 1350

  18. The Hubble ‘Tuning Fork’ Diagram

  19. The Hubble Deep Field

  20. Galaxy Clusters and Large Scale Structure Virgo Cluster

  21. Hercules Cluster

  22. Local Cluster

  23. A few hundred billion galaxies can be seen with • current telescopes • Sloan digital sky survey has mapped out the distribution of • galaxies in certain parts of the sky

  24. Olber’s Paradox (1826) Why is the night sky dark?

  25. Olber’s Paradox (1926) Why is the night sky dark?

  26. Olber’s Paradox Why is the night sky dark? • The universe has an edge • The stars and galaxies ‘run out’ at some distance from us • The universe has a beginning First suggested by Edgar Alllen Poe in 1848

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