Visceral Nervous System SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu

1. Visceral Nervous SystemSHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu

2. The Visceral Nervous System Composition Visceral motor nerves (autonomic nervous system Visceral sensory nerves • Sympathetic part • Parasympathetic part

3. Visceral motor nerves

4. postganglionic fiber preganglionic neuron preganglionic fiber postganglionic neuron

5. The differences between somatic motor and visceral motor n.

6. Sympathetic part • Lower centerlocated in lateral horn of gray mater of spinal cord in segments T1~L3 • The peripheral part of sympathatic part • Sympathetic ganglia Prevertebral ganglia • Paravertebral ganglia

7. Paravertebral ganglia Position: Arranged on either side of vertebral column Number: Consist of 19~22 ganglia • cervical ganglia ：3 • thoracic ganglia： 10~12 • lumbar ganglia： 4 • sacral ganglia： 2~3 • Coccygeal ganglion （Ganglion impar）1 unpaired on the anterior face of coccyx

8. Superior cervical ganglion Middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganglion

9. Sympathetic trunk Formation: It is formed by paravertebral ganglia and interganglionic branches Position: • lie on either side of vertebral column from base of skull to coccyx • The trunks of two side unite at the ganglion impar in front of the coccyx

10. Prevertebral ganglia • Lie anterior to vertebral column and near the arteries • Celiac ganglion • Aorticorenal ganglion • Superior mesenteric ganglion • Inferior mesenteric ganglion

11. The communicating branches White communicating branches • preganglionic fibers • （myelinated） sent out by the • nurons of the lateral horn; • 15 pairs in number (T1—L3) Gray communicating branches • postganglionic unmyelinated • fibers sent by the neurons of • paravertebral ganglia, • 31 pairs in number.

12. preganglionic fibers • They pass to sympathatic trunk via white communicating branches and terminate in 3 ways: • Some fibers synapse with neurons in the corresponding paravertebral ganglion; • Some fibers pass up or down in sympathatic trunkbefore terminating in the paravertebral ganglion; • The others pass through the paravertebral ganglion and terminate in prevertebral ganglion via the splanchnic n.

13. postganglionic fibers • They also terminate in 3 ways: • Some fibers pass through the gray communicating branches to spinal n. and to the peripheral blood vessels,sweat gland and arrectores pilorum;

14. postganglionic fibers • surrounding the artery as a layer of nervous plexus to innervate the corresponding organs; • terminating directly in the certain organs

15. The general distribution of sympathatic nerve • The cervical part of sympathatic trunk • The postganglionic fibers pass through the gray communicating branches to 8 cervical nerves and distribute the head, neck and upper limb(blood vessels, sweat gland and arrector pilorum); • The fibers surround the internal and external carotid arteries to innervate the glands of the head and neck, the dilator pupillae;

16. The general distribution of sympathatic nerve • The cervical part of sympathatic trunk • Send out cardiac branches to heart (to form the cardiac plexus with cardiac branch of vagus n.) send out pharyngeal branch to the pharynx

17. The thoracic part of sympathatic trunk • Greater splanchnic nerve formed by preganglionic fibers from T5~T9 ganglia, and relay in celiac ganglion. • Lesser splanchnic nerve • formed by preganglionic fibers from T10~T12 ganglia, and relay in aorticorenal ganglion.

18. The thoracic part of sympathatic trunk • The postganglionic fibers supply the liver, spleen, kidney and alimentary tract as far as the left colic flexure.

19. Lumbar splanchnic nerve Formed by preganglionic fibers from L1~L4 ganglia, and relay in prevertebral ganglia. • The postganglionic fibers supply descending and sigmoid colon, rectum, pelvic viscera and lower limbs.

20. Distribution of sympathetic nerve

21. Parasympathetic par • Lower center : • four pairs parasympathetic nuclei in brain stem • in sacral parasympathetic nucleus of spinal cord in segments S2~S4

22. Parasympathetic part Parasympathetic ganglia: • terminal ganglia are near or within the wall of a visceral organ • Para-organ ganglia ： • Ciliary ganglion • Pterygopalatine ganglion • Submandibular ganglion • Otic ganglion • Intramural ganglia

23. Cranial portion sphincter pupillae and ciliary mscles 〈 ○ 〈○ 〈○ ciliary ganglion accessory oculomotor nucleus Ⅲ pterygopalatine ganglion superior salivatory nucleus Ⅶ lacrimal gland submandibulargland Sublingual gland Submandibular ganglion

24. Cranial portion inferior salivatorynucleus Ⅸ parotid gland 〈○ otic ganglion heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys,alimen-tary tract asfar asleft colic flexure Ⅹ dorsal nucleus of vagus n 〈○ terminal ganglia

25. Pelvic splanchnic n. Sacraln. Synapse with terminal ganglia Pelvic plexus Postganglionic fibers Sacral portion sacral parasympathetic nucleus S2-S4 supply the descending and sigmoid colon, rectum and pelvic viscera

26. Main differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic

27. Visceral plexuses • Cardiac plexuses - Superficial , below aortic arch - Deep, anterior to bifurcation on trachea • Pulmonary plexus • Celiac plexus • Abdominal aortic plexus • Hypogastric plexus Superior hypogastric plexus Inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexus)

28. Referred pain

29. Thank you

31. Ciliary ganglion

32. Pterygopalatine ganglion Submandibular ganglion

33. Otic ganglion

34. Main differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic