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Statistical interpretation of studies among doctors and medical students

Statistical interpretation of studies among doctors and medical students. Advisors: Ricardo Filipe Sousa Santos Alfredo Mendes Castro .

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Statistical interpretation of studies among doctors and medical students

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  1. Statistical interpretation of studies among doctors and medical students Advisors: Ricardo Filipe Sousa Santos Alfredo Mendes Castro AZEVEDO André; CARDOSO Ana; FIGUEIREDO Carlos; GONÇALVES Francisco; GONÇALVES Raquel; MOITA João; MONTEIRO Renata; NOGUEIRA Miguel; PINTO Sérgio; RODRIGUES Daniel; RODRIGUES Marta; VIEIRA Joana; TEIXEIRA Ana May 2012 Introdução à Medicina II

  2. Evolution past present Introduction Medicine came to be as man sought cures for the diseases and remedies for the injuries that affected human kind. Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments Fig.1

  3. Evolution past present Primitive man looked on disease as a curse cast on him by an evil spirit; his treatment consisted of driving the demon that possessed him[1]. Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments Fig.2 [1] Claridge, J.; Fabian, T. History and Development of Evidence-based Medicine. World Journal of Surgery; 2005; 29, 547-553

  4. Evolution past present Introduction Aims Observation of disease, its symptoms and treatments, were first found in written documents. Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments Fig.3

  5. Evolution past present Introduction However, were the main foundation for medical decision making[2]. Aims Methods Results • Authoritarian judgment • Expert opinion • Experience Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments [2] Dahm, P.; Sur, R.: History of Evidence-based medicine. Indian Journal of Urology; 2011; 27; 487-489

  6. Evolution past present Progressively, Medicine became to analytically study and observe the phenomenon of disease. Textbooks and journals began to become more prominent[1]. Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments Fig.5 Fig.4 [1] Claridge, J.; Fabian, T. History and Development of Evidence-based Medicine. World Journal of Surgery; 2005; 29, 547-553

  7. Evolution past present The use of scientific methodology and statistical analysis in biomedical research combined as the roots of Evidence-Based Medicine. Introduction Aims Biostatistics is an applied science for biology, medical and health sciences and it plays an increasingly important role in the production of medical knowledge and in the clinical practice [3]. Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Informatics explosion with online journals and large databases[1]. Acknowledgments Fig.6 Database scheme. [1] Claridge, J.; Fabian, T. History and Development of Evidence-based Medicine. World Journal of Surgery; 2005; 29, 547-553 [3] Sahai H, Ojeda MM. Teaching Biostatistics to Medical Students and Professionals: Problems and Solutions. Int J of Math Educ in Sci % Technol. 1999; 30(2):187–196.

  8. Informatics explosion with online journals and large databases[3] Introduction Aims • doctorsmusthave a minimumgraspofbiostatisticconcepts to fullyunderstandbiomedicalliterature. • doctors need to stay up to date with the literature that drives clinical practice. Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments [3] Sahai H, Ojeda MM. Teaching Biostatistics to Medical Students and Professionals: Problems and Solutions. Int J of Math Educ in Sci % Technol. 1999; 30(2):187–196.

  9. Accounting for this problems, many researchers have asked the question of whether or not medical do possess said knowledge. Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments

  10. There was a seeming uniformity to the conclusions exposed on the reviewed literature. • Lack of knowledge to adequately interpret and evaluate results in medical research articles. United Kingdom Introduction Israel[4] Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments United StatesofAmerica[5] [4] Cahan A, Gilon D, Manor O, Paltiel O. Probabilistic reasoning and clinical decision-making: do doctors overestimate diagnostic probabilities? QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians. 2003;96(10):763-9. Epub 2003/09/23. [5] Windish DM, Huot SJ, Green ML. Medicine residents' understanding of the biostatistics and results in the medical literature. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2007;298(9):1010-22. Epub 2007/09/06.

  11. Given that no other literature was found regarding statistical knowledge of Portuguese physicians (either in general or in the Oporto region), our work was designed to analyze this parameter. Will the case in study reflect the same results? Introduction Portugal Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments

  12. Do doctors and medical students from Portugal have the necessary knowledge to adequately interpret biostatistical information in scientific articles? Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments

  13. Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments

  14. Study Design Type of Study Target population Unit of analysis Introduction Cross sectional study Physicians and medical students from a Portuguese University Hospital The individual Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments

  15. Study participants • 4 classes of the 5th year of MIMED (“MestradoIntegradoemMedicina” at FMUP) were randomly selected out of a total of 8, using a random number generator. • 7 departments out of 43 at HSJ (“Hospital de São João”) were randomly selected. Only 5 colaborated. Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments

  16. Study participants - Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Inclusion criteria Introduction Aims Students: - Participants must belong to Hospital's students community; - Participants must be studying at the Hospital at the moment - Participant must be matriculated at the 5th year; - Participants mustn't have participated in the pilot survey. Physicians: - Participants must integrate the medical population of the Hospital. Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments

  17. Study participants - Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Students: - Individuals studying at the hospital under mobility projects: - The students studying abroad under mobility projects – http://erasmusfmup.blogspot.com Exclusion criteria Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments

  18. 2 1 3 Introduction Pilot survey Development of the questionnaire Aims Modifications based on pilot survey’s results Methods Results Discussion 4 5 Conclusion References Meeting with head of departments and 5 th year students Acknowledgments Questionnaire delivery

  19. Calendar 1st contact with the departments and students (via e-mail) Introduction Aims Personal contact with the departments and students Methods Questionnaire delivery Results Discussion Data collection Conclusion References Acknowledgments Beginning of data insertion Running of syntax

  20. Data Collection Methods: Questionnaire Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments

  21. Data Collection Methods: Questionnaire Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments 1st: 4 questions 2nd: 3 questions

  22. Data Collection Methods: Questionnaire Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments 4th: 7 questions 3rd: 9 questions

  23. Variables Description Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments

  24. Statistical Analysis Data (from the questionnaire) was processed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Introduction Aims Several paramaters were analysed for the general population and in separate for students and physicians Methods Results Discussion Attitudes and confidence were quantified in a 1 to 5 scale and 4 and 5 were considered “Agree” and “Confident”, respectively. Analysis used frequency tables Conclusion References Acknowledgments

  25. Statistical Analysis The percentage of each group that answered correctly at each question was calculated Introduction Aims Methods The mean of correct answers were compared between different demographic groups, using T-test (results were considered statistically relevant for p < 0,05) Results Discussion Conclusion Tables were constructed in order to present the results of the analysis References Acknowledgments

  26. Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments Table 1. Percentages of Correct Answers for the Knowledge-Based Questions

  27. Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments Table 2.Characteristics of the Participants (percentage).

  28. Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments Table 3. Atittude and confidence results by General, Physicians and Students' characteristics (percentage)

  29. Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments Table 4. Knowledge Scores by General, Physicians and Students' characteristics

  30. ATITTUDDE/ CONFIDENCE Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments Table 3. Atittude and confidence results by General, Physicians and Students' characteristics (percentage)

  31. DEMOGRAPHICS Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments Table 2.Characteristics of the Participants (percentage)

  32. TEST Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments Table 1.Percentages of Correct Answers for the Knowledge-Based Questions

  33. Study Limitations Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments

  34. Mostofphysiciansandstudentsdidnotknowhow to interprettheP-value (93,1%), inspiteofrevealing some confidenceinthismatter(46%). • Thoughalmost 2/3 oftheinquiredhadreadinghabits, halfofthemlackedconfidenceinunderstandingtheresultsof a statisticalmethodusedin a research. • 64,4% ofthe general populationshowedinterestinlearning more aboutbiostatistics. Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments

  35. Claridge, J.; Fabian, T. History and Development of Evidence-based Medicine. World Journal of Surgery; 2005; 29, 547-553 • Dahm, P.; Sur, R.: History of Evidence-based medicine. Indian Journal of Urology; 2011; 27; 487-489 • Sahai H, Ojeda MM. Teaching Biostatistics to Medical Students and Professionals: Problems and Solutions. Int J of Math Educ in Sci % Technol. 1999; 30(2):187–196. • Cahan A, Gilon D, Manor O, Paltiel O. Probabilistic reasoning and clinical decision-making: do doctors overestimate diagnostic probabilities? QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians. 2003;96(10):763-9. Epub 2003/09/23. • Windish DM, Huot SJ, Green ML. Medicine residents' understanding of the biostatistics and results in the medical literature. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2007;298(9):1010-22. Epub 2007/09/06. Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments

  36. We gratefully thank our advisors Ricardo Santos and Alfredo Castro for their support that helped us completing the task we have been assigned. We also direct our acknowledgements to the head of departments and students that cooperated with us. And finally, a special gratitude to Prof. Altamiro Pereira for his constructive criticism. Introduction Aims Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References Acknowledgments

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