Group members: INCREDIBLE SOULS

2. Group members: INCREDIBLE SOULS • Leader 11338 • 11321 • 11315 • 11353 • 11316

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

4. The workshop will cover: 1- LITERATURE REVIEW. 2- WHAT IS LITERATURE REVIEW 3- WHY LITERATURE REVIEW IS IMPORTANT. 4- SOURCES OF LITERATURE REVIEW. 5- LITERATURE REVIEW 6- LITERATURE REVIEW HELPS. 7- CONSTRUCTING LITERATURE REVIEW. 8- ORGANIZING LITERATURE REVIEW. 9- LITERATURE REVIEW IN RESEARCH APPROACHES. 10-CRITICAL ANALYZING THE LITERATURE. 11- WRITING LITERATURE REVIEW. 12- STRUCTURING LITERATURE REVIEW. 13-. QUICK VIEW 14- REFERENCES

5. LITERATURE REVIEW “…a literature review surveysscholarly articles, books and othersources […] relevant to aparticular issue, area ofresearch, or theory,providing a description,summary, and criticalevaluation of each work.”

6. A discussion of your knowledge about the topic under study. A discussion of your knowledge that is supported by the research literature. A foundation for the study. what is Literature Review?

7. WHY Literature Review IS IMPORTANT ? • Literature review is the part of the paper where the researcher will be given the opportunity to strengthen your paper for you will be citing what other reliable authors have said about your topic. This will prove that you are not just writing about any random subject but that many others have also poured their thoughts on the topic. • Literature review is also unique from the rest of the paper because you have to fill most of the paper with your own analysis.

8. SOURCES OF Literature Review

9. Literature reviews • Abstract • the author’s description of the study • related to your area of interest? • conclusions relevant? • Statement of the Problem • restate the topic • problem stated clearly? • purpose? • significance? • Hypothesis or Research Question(s) • Clearly stated? • Relevant? • Related to your area of interest? • Assumptions • open assumptions? • hidden assumptions

10. Literature REVIEW • Delimitations • How was the study narrowed? • Which considerations are relevant to your study? • Definitions • Key concepts & terms?

11. Literature REVIEW • Method • research design? • population & sample? • measurement? • procedures? • Findings • make sense? • what do they say about your area of interest • Discussion • Meaningful interpretations? • Implications discussed? • Suggestions or recommendations? • Limits to practical application? • Conclusion • What did you learn? • Re-state your new knowledge

12. Literature reviews help • Get ideas • Get an overview (learn) • Get a feeling for what's doable, what's • meaningful. • Better understand your • research project

13. Constructing a Literature Review

14. subtopic subtopic subtopic subtopic subtopic subtopic Topic Organizing the Literature Search:the Tree Diagram

15. Parent involvement Home-school communication barriers Homework assistance Involvement in decision making Academic achievement volunteerism Teachers’ beliefs Home visits Tree Diagram Example

16. Literature review in research approaches • Firstly identify the topic describe the topic in in a few words or • in a short phrase because topic becomes the central idea to learn • about or explore in a study. • In qualitative research use the literature inductively in the beginning as part of introduction as it frame the problems,, in the beginning as a separate section, and using it at the end of a study to compare & contrast with the findings of the current study. • In quantitative study use the literature deductively as a framework for advancing questions and hypothesis. A separate section on the “review of the literature” is used to introduce the study or at the end of study. Where as Cooper recommended it as theoretical review in which researchers focuses on extent theory that relates to the problem . And appears in journal articles and than suggested it as methodological review in which the researcher focuses on methods and definitions.

17. Literature review in research approaches • In a mix method approach researcher uses either a qualitative or a quantitative approach. Where as it can be both at beginning or at the end.

18. Critically Analyzing the Literature Analysis is breaking down something into parts. There are two types of analysis: 1- Systematic Analysis. 2- Arguments Analysis. Systematic Analysis: It is a kind of analysis in which we systematically evaluate the literature on the basis of key ideas, theories, concepts and methodological assumptions and the overall structure and format of the research. Arguments Analysis: If a range of arguments are being analysed you will need to explain the claim, data and warrant for each argument . In this way the identification of the individual and similar elements in a range of items can be compared and contrasted.

19. Arguments Analysis: • There are many ways to analyses arguments but here just two are discussed: • 1- Toulmin’s method of argumentation analysis. • 2- Fisher’s method of critical reading. • Toulmin’s method of argumentation analysis: • Toulmin proposes that an argument can be broken up into number of basic elements like: • Claim an arguable statement • Evidence Data used to support the claim • Warrant (or permit) an expectation that provides the link between the evidence and claim. • Backing Context & assumption used to support the validity or the warrant and evidence.

20. For example • Data Car washes can use up to 250,000 Gallons of water in the main summer weeks. Warrant Since Water is essential and people should not wasted it in times of shortage Backing Because Water should cause inconvenience are a danger to people & can be costly to consumers. Claim Car owners should restrict washing their cars in areas of the country where there is a water shortage

21. Fisher’s method of critical reading. Fisher provides a method for a systematic reading of texts. Through which reader can extract words (Thus and therefore) of any argument for the purpose of evaluation. Words that are used to structure an argument are the focus for the analysis . Words (Thus and therefore) are highlighted because they are used to link evidence with claims and suggest inference, reasons and conclusions.

22. Writing the Literature Review • Always begin with an introduction to the review & end with a summary • Make the connection for the reader between the subtopics & the topic • Use direct quotations infrequently • Always cite your sources • Present your knowledge on the topics & subtopics • Summarize each subtopic • Include a transition paragraph from one subtopic to the next

23. Structuring the Literature Review Introduction Review on independent variable Review on dependent variable Review on the relationship of independent & dependent variables Summary

24. Quick view • Begin with a search of the available literature. • Critically analyze each article (study) you • select. • Organize the review with an outline • Write the review. • Summarize the review. • Using the literature, present a rationale for • your study.

25. References (http://library.ucsc.edu/ref/howto/literaturereview.html) Adopted from “Doing Literature Review” by Chris Hart Adopted from “Research Methods for business Students” by mark Saunders Adopted from Research Design by John W. Creswell.

26. THANK YOU