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Refraction - the bending of a light ray as it passes from one medium to another

air. glass. air. light slows down (v<c). Refraction - the bending of a light ray as it passes from one medium to another. Web Links: Photon in medium & vacuum , Marching band , Refraction . Notes:. varies for different media.

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Refraction - the bending of a light ray as it passes from one medium to another

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  1. air glass air light slows down (v<c) Refraction- the bending of a light ray as it passes from one medium to another Web Links: Photon in medium & vacuum, Marching band, Refraction

  2. Notes: varies for different media varies for different media stays the same c = speed of light in a vacuum v = speed of light in a particular medium • For any medium, n > 1 • v = f Web Link: Refractive index

  3. Ex: If the speed of light in glass is 1.97 x 108 m/s, calculate the index of refraction for glass.

  4. Don’t forget to measure angles from The Normal n1 = initial medium n2 = final medium 1 = incident angle 2 = refracted angle

  5. n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2 Snell’s Law Notice: If n2>n1 : lightray bends toward the normal If n2<n1 :lightray bends away from the normal

  6. Ex: air 60 water Find both the angle of reflection and the angle of refraction for this light ray incident upon water.

  7. Critical Angle Diamonds Fiber Optics Total Internal Reflection Web Link: Total internal reflection Examples:

  8. Ex: Find the critical angle for light traveling from water toward air.

  9. This makes spearfishing very difficult! Apparent Depth When viewed from another medium, objects appear to have a different depth than they actually do.

  10. When viewed from directly above: n1 = medium containing object n2 = medium containing observer d= apparent depth d = actual depth

  11. Example of Apparent Depth:

  12. Ex: 11 cm How far above the water does the cat look to the fish?

  13. Red: longest  lowest n Violet: shortest  highest n bends the most Dispersion Index of refraction (n) depends slightly on wavelength () Web Link: Prism

  14. Rainbows are a result of dispersion

  15. Sometimes a double rainbow can be seen. This is caused by a second internal reflection.

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