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Testis

Testis. By: Kyle Nagel, Amada Stewart, M atthew Whyte. In abdomen while embryo Move to Scrotum month before birth Scrotum located between penis and anus. Location Of The Gland.

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Testis

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  1. Testis By: Kyle Nagel, Amada Stewart, Matthew Whyte

  2. In abdomen while embryo • Move to Scrotum month before birth • Scrotum located between penis and anus Location Of The Gland

  3. pituitary gland releases luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone which is sent to the leydig cells distributed throughout the testis • The leydig cells also called interstitial tissue produces the hormone testosterone • Leydig cells commonly have more than one nucleus • Testosterone is mainly produced in males since they contain the testes, but females also produce a small amount by the ovaries Hormones Produced

  4. Sertolicells-assist in the production of sperm • Leydigcells (interstitual)-secrete testosterone • Gametes-sex cells Target Cells

  5. Testosterone controls reproductive system growth, sex drive, and stimulates sexual characteristics in men.Example: Deepening of voice, chest hair, male body shape. • Also promotes high metabolism, nitrogen retention and protein synthesis for muscle growth, and calcium retention and bone matrix development for male skeletal structure development. • Testosterone levels decrease with age, as well as erectile functions Effects of Hormone

  6. The hypothalamus releases GnRH • Causes Pituitary to create LH and FSH • LH triggers Testosterone production • FSH controls sperm production • Testosterone levels suppress Hypothalmus’ GnRH production Triggers/Controls

  7. Testosterone bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in blood stream • As SHBG decreases, usable testosterone increases • 60% bound to SHGB • 38% bound to protein (albumin) • 2% floating in blood freely Cont.

  8. Factors causing Low testosterone levels: • Trauma to the testes • Type 2 diabetes which may cause a malfunction of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus • Castration • Deficiency of LH or FSH • Alcohol • And other factors such as Klinefelder’s disease and Turner’s syndrome Complications

  9. Malfunction of the testes is called gonadism and there are two types: • hypergonadotropichypogonadism(primary gonadism) or • Hypogonadotropichypogonadism (secondary gonadism) Malfunctions

  10. Primary gonadism • damage to leydig cells • increases levels of LH and FSH to try to balance the low testosterone levels • Secondary gonadism • failure to secrete hormones normal levels of gonadotropics(LH and FSH) Cont.

  11. Complications due to low testosterone levels: • low sex drive • fatigue • loss of muscle • weigh gain from fat • increased risk of osteoporosis • increased risk of cardiovascular disease • infertility Low testosterone

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