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Enhance your vocabulary in finance and accounting with a focus on balance sheets, income, debt, profit margins, and financial trends. Learn to read and interpret financial reports effectively. Practice data presentation using charts and graphs.
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The Language of business Reporting Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics Dong Fang College Toriano Cook
Vocabulary of Accounting • balance sheet: a report of a company's value; how much is the company worth? (how much money it has and how much it has lost) • asset: anything that can be used as money • tangible asset: cash, buildings, property (fixed assets) • intangible asset: share in the stock market
Vocabulary of Accounting • income: all money made by a company • gross income • revenue • profit: the amount of money earned by a company, after paying debt and other expenses • net income
Vocabulary of Accounting • debt: money a company owes • liability: debt; money a company owes • short-term liability: debt that must be paid soon, within one year • long-term liability: debt that can be paid after a longer time
Vocabulary of Accounting • pretax: money made before government taxes • pretax income • pretax profit • profit margin: the amount of income that is profit • cost to make: $2.00 / income: $2.10 = NO GOOD! • cost to make: $2.00 / income: $8.50 = VERY GOOD! • loss: negative profit • production costs: $10,500.00 / income: $900.00 • make a loss / take a loss / run at a loss
“We’re in the red!!!” • “In the red” means when a company / business is running at a loss or losing money • Production costs, expenses and taxes this year were around $7,000,000, yet we were only able to net an income of $6,500,000. We’re running at about $500,000 in the red! • To show debt, expenses or loss is usually reported on a balance sheet in red. • A company is in the blackor in the green if it is making money.
Accounting Reports • Many types of companies use reports to show the financial status of a business. • The most common way is using diagrams, charts and graphs. • It is important to know how to read, make, understand and present the data on a chart, diagram or graph.
Reporting A Graph There was a sharp decrease in sales to a year lowfrom January to February. After sales improved February to March, there was a dropin April. From April to May there was a slight rise in sales. After an August slump, sales began to steadily climb through the end of the year, reaching an almost year end highnear 350 units sold.
In January, gold sales ____ about 200 million dirhams (Dhs) per month. In February they ____ to 220 million Dhs, ____ to a peak of 350 Dhs in March. Over the next four months, sales ____ steadily, reaching ____ of 120 Dhsin July. In August, there was a ____ increase. Sales almost ____, rising ____ 120 million Dhs in July to 210 million in August. This was followed by a ____ in September to 120 million Dhs. a low point declined drop from increased slightly rising sharply recovered sudden remained
In January, gold Sales remained about 200 million dirhams (Dhs) per month. In February they increased slightly to 220 million Dhs, rising sharply to a peak of 350 Dhs in March. Over the next four months, sales declined steadily, reaching a low point of 120 Dhs in July. In August, there was a sudden increase. Sales almost doubled, rising from 120 million Dhs in July to 210 million in August. This was followed by a drop in September to 120 million Dhs.
Making Comparisons “Sales of the iPhone was again better than Samsung Galaxy phones this year.” • When giving a financial report, you may make comparisons (to other products, sales record,…) • Using comparatives and superlatives helps to show compare.
Making Comparisons • Adjectives with one syllable form: • cheap cheaper the cheapest • large larger the largest • cold colder the coldest • tall taller the tallest • Except: good – better - the best bad – worse – the worst
Making Comparisons • Some adjectives with two syllables form: • pretty prettier the prettiest • happy happier the happiest • funny funnier the funniest (usually if the last letter is ‘y’) • Other adjectives with two syllables form: • common more common the most common • handsome more handsome the most handsome • unique more unique the most unique
Making Comparisons All adjectives with three or more syllables form: • attractive more attractive the most attractive • profitable more profitable the most profitable • imaginative more imaginative the most imaginative • expensive more expensive the most expensive
Survey • In groups, you will decide on a survey question to ask your classmates. • Ask each classmate the question and record their answers. • You will then present your data to the rest of the class, using any kind of visual you choose (graph, chart… ) Examples: What is your favorite color? What is your favorite holiday?
