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1950-2007

1950-2007. Today. Review 1960s Vietnam War Notes Watch 1 st part of 1960-1964 Video 1970-1990s Notes. Today. Review yesterday’s notes Watching 1970-79 Video 1980s-90s Notes ** Sr. meeting at 2:00. All seniors will have homework to make up for the missed classwork today!.

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1950-2007

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  1. 1950-2007

  2. Today • Review 1960s • Vietnam War Notes • Watch 1st part of 1960-1964 Video • 1970-1990s Notes

  3. Today • Review yesterday’s notes • Watching 1970-79 Video • 1980s-90s Notes ** Sr. meeting at 2:00. All seniors will have homework to make up for the missed classwork today!

  4. Life After WWII • After WWII, conformity was the trend • Suburbs spread • William Levitt built affordable, “cookie-cutter” homes that led to a growing middle class (Levitt Towns) • Fear of nuclear war spread during the Cold War (remember: the Cold War lasted until 1990) • There was a “baby boom” (born between 1946-1964)

  5. Baby Boomer Generation • As young adults, the “baby boomers” rejected conformity… they wanted to be different • As adults, “baby boomers” created a new political movement called the “New Left” (belief in radical social change) • This social change led us to…. The 1960s

  6. In the Presidential election of 1960, John F. Kennedy (Dem.) ran against Richard Nixon (Rep.) • It was the first time a presidential debate was held on TV • Kennedy appeared confident • Nixon was sweaty and nervous Election of 1960

  7. John F. Kennedy Ask not what your country can do for you- ask what you can do for your country • First Catholic President • Young, witty, elegant administration • Surrounded himself with the “best and the brightest” • “New Frontier” • Peace Corp (volunteerism)

  8. Kennedy Administration • The Bay of Pigs • Cuban Missile Crisis • Race to the Moon • Kennedy Assassination

  9. The Bay of Pigs • The Bay of Pigs: The US had secretly trained Cuban exiles to invade Cuba, to start an uprising against Castro. When they invaded, the Cubans and Soviets captured them. Huge embarrassment!

  10. Fidel Castro,Communist Dictator of Cuba

  11. Cuban Missile Crisis • Photos revealed that the Soviets had sent missiles to Cuba and that the Cubans had them pointed toward America, ready to launch. Kennedy informed the American public, who anxiously waited for 6 days, expected a nuclear war. Khrushchev removed the missiles with the promise that we would not invade Cuba

  12. NASA- explore outer space Race to the Moon • Yuri Gagari (Soviet), first human in space • Alan Shepard, first American in space

  13. First humans on the moon were American astronauts Neil Armstrong & Buzz Aldrin

  14. Kennedy Assassination • Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963

  15. Lyndon B. Johnson • Became President when Kennedy was assassinated • Programs called “Great Society” • Signed into law lots of Civil Rights legislation (Civil Rights Act of 1964; 24th Amendment; Voting Rights Act of 1965) • Head Start • Medicaid • Medicare War on Poverty

  16. Civil Rights Movement • Brown v. Board of Education • Montgomery Bus Boycott • Little Rock Nine • March on Washington • Militant Leadership

  17. Separate schools are NOT equal! • Brown v. Board of Education overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (separate but equal) • Thurgood Marshall, first AfAm Supreme Court Justice

  18. Montgomery Bus Boycott- boycott of the segregated transportation system of Montgomery, Alabama • Triggered by Rosa Parks

  19. Little Rock Nine- Nine high school students from Little Rock, AK who tested integration at Central High School

  20. Non-violent protests (sit-ins, boycotts, marches) • Civil Disobedience (refusal to obey a law as a means of protest- Henry David Thoreau) March on Washington- Organized by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. who gave his famous “I Have a Dream” Speech”

  21. Black Panthers- Militant “Black Power” organization that advocated Black leadership in their own communities & the rebuilding of urban ghettos Malcolm X- Militant Civil Rights leader who believed that equality should be achieved “by any means necessary”

  22. "I think that there are plenty of good people in America, but there are also plenty of bad people in America and the bad ones are the ones who seem to have all the power and be in a position to block things that you and I need. Because this is the situation, you and I have to preserve the right to do what is necessary to bring an end to this situation, and it doesn't mean that I advocate violence, but at the same time, I'm not against using violence in self-defense. I don't even call it violence when it's self-defense, I call it intelligence.“ ~Malcolm X

  23. Other Social Movements • Counterculture (Hippies) • Women’s Rights Movement • Brown Power Movement • Red Power Movement

  24. A counter culture arose in the 1960s (wanted a break with the traditional values of their parents) • Woodstock (1969) music and arts festival in New York • Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco was the center of “hippie” life and drug use

  25. Leaders: • Betty Friedan (wrote The Feminine Mystique) Women’s Movement • Gloria Steinam (founded Ms. Magazine)

  26. Migrant Workers • Goal: Support the rights of migrant farm workers, mostly who were poor Hispanic immigrants • Leaders: • Cesar Chavez (conducted hunger strikes & non-violent protests)

  27. American Indian Movement • Important Groups: AIM (American Indian Movement) • Important Events: • Trail of Broken Treaties (occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington, DC) • Siege at Wounded Knee

  28. Vietnam War • Vietnam Divided by Communism • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • Tet Offensive • Mai Lai Massacre • Effects of the War

  29. Nationalist leader Ho Chi Minh, lead a Communist independence movement against France French Indochina

  30. Divided Vietnam • North Vietnam- Communist (Vietminh) • South Vietnam- Democratic elections, but corruption in the Ngo Dinh Diem regime • The Vietcong wanted to unite Vietnam under the leadership of Communist, Ho Chi Minh

  31. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • President Lyndon Johnson & the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (took power away from Congress in declaring war)

  32. Napalm used to destroy the jungles

  33. Tet Offensive- North Vietnam & Vietcong fierce attack against America • Showed that the Vietcong would not give up!

  34. My Lai Massacre

  35. Kent State University Anti-War Demonstration- National Guard killed students

  36. Vietnam Veterans Memorial- “The Wall”, Washington, DC • Vietnam veterans were blamed for the war and treated badly when they returned

  37. Government Distrust • The Vietnam War created a great deal of distrust for the government • This was intensified during the Watergate scandal

  38. Richard M. Nixon • Johnson did not run for re-election in 1968 • Nixon (Rep.) was elected • His presidency was clouded with scandal when Republicans broke into the Democratic National Headquarters (at the Watergate Hotel) and stole materials

  39. Watergate • Washington Post reporters Bernstein & Woodward used the anonymous source “Deep Throat” to reveal White House abuses & the Watergate Scandal broke • Richard Nixon resigned rather than face impeachment

  40. Gerald Ford • Appointed President after Nixon resigned • He pardoned Nixon because he wanted the nation to heal and move on! • First person to be president who was not elected!

  41. Big Events of the ’80s & ’90s

  42. Apartheid ends in South Africa in 1989-90 • Nelson Mandela becomes the 1st Black President of South Africa

  43. Yassir Arafat, leader of PLO Egyptian Pres. Anwar al-Sadat, Jimmy Carter, & Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin at Camp David • PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization)- Palestinian (Arab) army that opposed Israel • During the Cold War, the Soviets backed the Arabs because the U.S. supported Israel • U.S. depended on oil in the Middle East so peace was necessary • Carter tried to bring peace to the region in the Camp David Accords

  44. Ayatollah Khomeni, took power from the Shah of Iran Iran • Iran hostage crisis- American hostages were taken from the U.S. embassy to protest Carter allowing the Shah of Iran to come here for medical treatment • Hostages were released when Ronald Reagan was elected President

  45. Jimmy Carter • Helped bring peace to some areas of the Middle East through the Camp David Accords • Iran hostage crisis • It was a “slap in the face” when the US hostages were release from Iran after he left the presidency

  46. Ronald Reagan • Created “Star Wars” (Strategic Defense Initiative), an expensive missile defense system • Met with Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union… eventually Communism fell, 1989-1990

  47. Iran-Contra Scandal, 1986 • Congress banned support to the Contras of Nicaragua and the U.S. was to support the Sandinistas • Reagan’s aids sold missiles to the Iran & used the money to support the Contras • Oliver North was one of the central figures in this scandals

  48. Tiananmen Square, 1989 • Students demonstrating against the Chinese government were killed and arrested by the government • Economic sanctions were placed against China

  49. Persian Gulf War, (Desert Storm) 1990-1991 • Iraq invaded Kuwait • Quick war… few Americans killed

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