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The Q p weak Experiment:

The Q p weak Experiment: A Search for New TeV Scale Physics via a Measurement of the Proton’s Weak Charge. Measure: Parity-violating asymmetry in e + p elastic scattering at Q 2 ~ 0.03 GeV 2 to ~4% relative accuracy at JLab

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The Q p weak Experiment:

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  1. The Qpweak Experiment: A Search for New TeV Scale Physics via a Measurement of the Proton’s Weak Charge Measure:Parity-violating asymmetry in e + p elastic scattering at Q2 ~ 0.03 GeV2 to ~4% relative accuracy at JLab Extract:Proton’s weak charge Qpweak ~ 1 – 4 sin2W to get ~0.3% on sin2W at Q2 ~ 0.03 GeV2 tests “running of sin2W”from M2Z to low Q2 sensitive to new TeV scale physics W.T.H. van Oers

  2. Running coupling constants in QED and QCD QCD(running of s) QED (running of ) 137  s Q2, GeV2 What about the running of sin2W?

  3. +  + “Running of sin2W” in the Electroweak Standard Model • Electroweak radiative corrections •  sin2W varies with Q • All “extracted” values of sin2W must agree with the Standard • Model prediction or new physics is indicated.

  4. LE Experiments: Good News/Bad News • A 1% measurement of a weak-scale quantity, suppressed by an order of magnitude, is sensitive to physics at the scale3 TeV. • This is well above present colliders and complementary to LHC. • Fine print: • Low energy experiments can’t measure Λ or g separately, only Λ /g. • With no bump to display, enormous burden of proof on experiment and theory. • If limited by systematic errors, a factor of 2 increase in mass scale requires • 22 = 4 reduction in the systematic error. (eg, atomic experiments) • If limited by statistical errors, a factor of 2 increase in mass scale requires • (22 )2 = 16 improvement in statistical figure of merit. (eg, scattering experiments) • A factor of 2 increase in Λ /g in the scattering sector may happen only once per generation! • Nevertheless, JLab can do that and a bit more. Courtesy of D.J. Mack

  5. Weak Charge Phenomenology Note how the roles of the proton and neutron are become almost reversed (ie, neutron weak charge is dominant, proton weak charge is almost zero!) This accidental suppression of the proton weak charge in the SM makes it more sensitive to new physics (all other things being equal). Courtesy of D.J. Mack

  6. Qpweak is a well-defined experimental observable • Qpweak has a definite prediction in the electroweak Standard Model Qpweak: Extract from Parity-Violating Electron Scattering As Q2  0 MEM MNC measures Qp – proton’s electric charge measures Qpweak– proton’s weak charge (at tree level)

  7. Energy Scale of an “Indirect” Search for New Physics • Parameterize New Physics contributions in electron-quark Lagrangian g: coupling constant, : mass scale • A 4% QpWeak measurement probes with • 95% confidencelevel for new physics • at energy scales to: • The TeV discovery potential of weak • charge measurements will be unmatched • until LHC turns on. • If LHC uncovers new physics, then precision • low Q2 measurements will be needed to • determine charges, coupling constants, etc.

  8. Qpweak & Qeweak – Complementary Diagnostics for New Physics JLab Qweak SLAC E158 - (proposed) Run I + II + III (preliminary) ±0.006 Erler, Kurylov, Ramsey-Musolf, PRD 68, 016006 (2003) • Qweak measurement will provide a stringent stand alone constraint • on Lepto-quark based extensions to the SM. • Qpweak (semi-leptonic) and E158 (pure leptonic) together make a • powerful program to search for and identify new physics.

  9. Model-Independent Constraints Forget about the predictions of any specific new physics model! Do the up- and down-quarks have their expected SM weak charges? today now -Qw(down)/2 -Qw(down)/2 future Dot is SM value -Qw(up)/2 -Qw(up)/2 Constraints by 12C and APV are nearly parallel (N ~ Z). Proton measurement is needed so weak charges can be separated with interesting errors. Qw(He) where N = Z could provide an important cross-check on Cs APV. Figures courtesy of Paul Reimer (ANL)

  10. Elastically Scattered Electron Luminosity Monitors Region III Drift Chambers Toroidal Magnet Region II Drift Chambers Region I GEM Detectors Eight Fused Silica (quartz) Čerenkov Detectors Collimator with 8 openings θ= 8° ± 2° 35cm Liquid Hydrogen Target Polarized Electron Beam Overview of the QpWeak Experiment Experiment Parameters (integration mode) Incident beam energy: 1.165 GeV Beam Current: 180 μA Beam Polarization: 85% LH2 target power: 2.5 KW Central scattering angle: 8.4° ± 3° Phi Acceptance: 53% of 2p Average Q²: 0.030 GeV2 Acceptance averaged asymmetry: –0.29 ppm Integrated Rate (all sectors): 6.4 GHz Integrated Rate (per detector): 800 MHz

  11. How it Works:Qweak Apparatus in GEANT4 Courtesy of Klaus Grimm (W&M) Courtesy of D.J. Mack

  12. Anticipated QpWeak Uncertainties  Aphys/AphysQpweak/Qpweak Statistical (2200 hours production) 1.8% 2.9% Systematic: Hadronic structure uncertainties -- 1.9% Beam polarimetry 1.0% 1.6% Absolute Q2 determination 0.5% 1.1% Backgrounds 0.5% 0.8% Helicity-correlated Beam Properties 0.5% 0.8% _________________________________________________________ Total 2.2% 4.1% 4% error on QpW corresponds to ~0.3% precision on sin2W at Q2 ~ 0.03 GeV2 (Erler, Kurylov, Ramsey-Musolf, PRD 68, 016006 (2003)) QpW = 0.0716  0.0006 theoretically 0.8% error comes from QCD uncertainties in box graphs, etc.

  13. hadronic: (31% of asymmetry) - contains GE,M GZE,M Constrained by HAPPEX, G0, MAMI PVA4 axial: (4% of asymmetry) - contains GeA, has large electroweak radiative corrections. Constrained by G0 and SAMPLE Nucleon Structure Contributions to the Asymmetry Constraints on Ahadronic from other Measurements Quadrature sum of expected Ahadronic = 1.5% and Aaxial = 1.2% errors contribute ~1.9% to error on QpW

  14. The Qweak Apparatus (Calibration Mode Only - Production & Calibration Modes) Quartz Cherenkov Bars (insensitive to non-relativistic particles) Region 2: Horizontal drift chamber location Region 1: GEM Gas Electron Multiplier Mini-torus e- beam Ebeam = 1.165 GeV Ibeam = 180 μA Polarization ~85% Target = 2.5 KW Lumi Monitors QTOR Magnet Region 3:Vertical Drift chambers Collimator System Trigger Scintillator

  15. QpWeak Toroidal Magnet - QTOR • 8 toroidal coils, 4.5m long along beam • Resistive, similar to BLAST magnet • Pb shielding between coils • Coil holders & frame all Al • Bdl ~ 0.7 T-m • bends elastic electrons ~ 10o • current ~ 9500 A • Status:  coils wound in France •  support stand under • construction

  16. Inelastic/Elastic Separation in QpWeak View Along Beamline of QpWeak Apparatus - Simulated Events rectangular quartz bar; 18 cm wide X 2 meters long Central scattering angle: ~8.4° ± 3° Phi Acceptance: > 50% of 2 Average Q²: 0.030 GeV2 Acceptance averaged asymmetry: –0.29 ppm Integrated Rate (per detector): ~801 MHz Inelastic/Elastic ratio: ~0.026% Very clean elastic separation!

  17. The QpWeak Liquid Hydrogen Target • Target Concept: • Similar in design to SAMPLE and G0 targets •  longitudinal liquid flow •  high stream velocity achieved with perforated, tapered “windsock” • QpWeak Target parameters/requirements: • Length = 35 cm • Beam current = 180 A • Power = 2200 W beam + 300 W heater • Raster size ~4 mm x ~4 mm square • Flow velocity > 700 cm/s • Density fluctuations (at 15 Hz) < 5x10-5 • Use reversal rate of 270 Hz

  18. Example: Typical goals for run-averaged beam properties Position: Intensity: keep small with feedback and careful setup keep small with symmetrical detector setup Helicity Correlated Beam Properties: False Asymmetry Corrections DP = P+ – P- Y = Detector yield (P = beam parameter ~energy, position, angle, intensity)

  19. Q2Determination Quartz Cherenkov Bars (insensitive to non-relativistic particles) Region 1: GEM Gas Electron Multiplier Region 2: Horizontal drift chamber location e- beam Expected Q2 distribution Region 3:Vertical Drift chambers Trigger Scintillator Use low beam current (~ few nA) to run in “pulse counting” mode with a tracking system to determine the “light-weighted” Q2 distribution. Region 1 + 2 chambers --> determine value of Q2 Region 3 chamber --> efficiency map of quartz detectors

  20. Precision Polarimetry Hall C has existing ~1% precision Moller polarimeter • Present limitations: • IMax ~ 10 A. • At higher currents the Fe target depolarizes. • Measurement is destructive • Plan to upgrading Møller: • Measure Pbeam at 100 A or higher, quasi-continuously • Trick: kicker + strip or wire target (early tests look promising – tested up to 40 A so far) • Schematic of planned new Hall C Compton polarimeter.

  21. e2ePV at 12 GeV JLab could determine Qw(e) to 2.5% as a search for new physics or the best low energy determination of the weak mixing angle. • E = 12 GeV • 4000 hours • L = 150 cm • APV = -40 ppb Courtesy of D.J. Mack

  22. e2ePV at 12 GeV Theory contours 95% CL Expt bands 1σ ΔQw(p) • Qw(e) would tightly constrain RPV SUSY (ie tree-level) • Killer application of improved Qw(e) is to RPC SUSY (ie, loop-level) One of few ways to constrain RPC SUSY if it happens to conserve CP (hence SUSY EDM = 0). Direct associated- production of a pair of RPC SUSY particles might not be possible even at LHC. ΔQw(e) d(QeW)SUSY/ (QeW)SM Contours courtesy of Shufang Su (U. Arizona)

  23. Future of the JLab Weak Charge Program • Qw(p) finish construction (mid 2007) Run I (8%) (2008?) (lick wounds following embarrassing confrontation with Mother Nature) Run II (4%) (Potential 1% Qw(He) as cross-check on Cs APV?) What do we do when the LHC (or Atomic Physics) turns our world upside down? Will Run II be finished so JLab can respond? What do we do if we see a significant deviation in Run II? 2.5% Qw(e) at 12 GeV Constrain e-e couplings of ~TeV mass particles discovered by LHC. or If LHC finds the TeV-scale region is a desert, make world’s best measurement of the weak mixing angle at low energy. 2.5% Qw(p)/Qw(He) Constrain e-up and e-down quark couplings of ~TeV mass particles discovered by LHC. Courtesy of D.J. Mack

  24. Summary • Completed low energy Standard Model tests are consistent with Standard • Model “running of sin2W” • SLAC E158 (running verified at ~ 6 level) - leptonic • Cs APV (running verified at ~ 4 level) – semi-leptonic, “d-quark dominated” • Upcoming QpW Experiment • Precision measurement of the proton’s weak charge in the simplest system. • Sensitive search for new physics with CL of 95% at the~ 2.3 TeV scale. • Fundamental10 measurement of the running of sin2W at low energy. • Currently in process of 3 year construction cycle; goal is to have multiple runs in 2008 – 2009 timeframe • Possible 12 GeV Parity-Violating Moller Experiment at JLAB • Conceptual design indicates reduction of E158 error by ~5 may be possible at 12 GeV JLAB. • weak charge triad  • (Ramsey-Musolf)

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