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The Age of Discovery

The Age of Discovery. Exploring and Colonizing the “New World”. Did Columbus discover America?. Native Americans? What about the Vikings? C. A.D. 1000 What exactly did he find?. Age of Exploration begins during the 1400's. Looking for new trade routes Where and Why? Avoiding “middle-men”

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The Age of Discovery

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  1. The Age of Discovery Exploring and Colonizing the “New World”

  2. Did Columbus discover America? • Native Americans? • What about the Vikings? • C. A.D. 1000 • What exactly did he find?

  3. Age of Exploration begins during the 1400's • Looking for new trade routes • Where and Why? • Avoiding “middle-men” • Northwest Passage • Conditions that set the stage • Desire • For commerce • Ability • Due to inventions and state sponsorship • Need • Wealth to fund empires, expansion for living space, etc. • Faith • Christianity vs. Islam

  4. The Exploring Kingdoms • Portugal, Spain, France, Netherlands, England • Portuguese led the way • Commerce and conversions • Prince Henry the Navigator (15th Century • Key sponsor of early Portuguese exploration of Atlantic & West Africa • 1488 – Bartolomeu Diaz – Cape of Good Hope • 1498 – Vasco de Gama – around cape to India • 1500 – Pedro Alvarez Cabral – South America

  5. Spain • More interested in permanent settlements • Columbus – Oct. 1492 – San Salvador • Didn’t know or believe that he reached a new continent • “New World” term from Vespucci • First on map in 1507 • Vasco Nunez de Balboa - First to sight Pacific (1513) • Ferdinand Magellan - Expedition circumnavigates world 1519-22

  6. Spain • Cortes = New Spain (1519) • Pizarro = Viceroyalty of Peru(1532) • “God, Gold, & Glory” • Encomienda system • Juan Ponce de Leon – 1512-13 & 1521 – Florida • Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca – 1536 – Explored Southwest enroute to Mexico from Florida • he & 3 survivors make it to Mexico • Hernando de Soto –(1539-43) explored southeast – finds Miss. River • Francisco Coronado (1541) explores S.W. & finds Grand Canyon

  7. French Exploration • 1534 – Jacques Cartier – St. Lawrence River • 50+ years of failed colonies • 1598-1604 – French fur trading stations in Nova Scotia (Acadia) • 1608- Quebec founded by Samuel de Champlain • 1st perm. settlement by French • The Robert Cavelier de LaSalle - Sailed down Mississippi to G. of Mex (1682) • Claimed the entire region for French King Louis XIV - Louisiana

  8. England • John Cabot – 1497 - Newfoundland • Sir Francis Drake – Privateer & explorer • Circumnavigation of World – 1577-80 • Knighted for trip and activities against Spain • Sir Walter Raleigh – 1580s • Roanoke (1585 & 1587) & defeat of Spanish Armada (1588) • Sir Humphrey Gilbert – 1583 – Newfoundland • Newfoundland & Roanoke failed as colonies • Henry Hudson – 4 voyages – 1607-11 • Explored bay and river named for him

  9. Netherlands • 1614 – Dutch joint stock company builds Fort Nassau & establishes colony – New Netherland • 1625 – fort built at mouth of river • Colonial general director Peter Minuit • buys Manhattan Island from Indians - 1626 – new settlement - New Amsterdam

  10. Chart of Explorers • http://www.worldbook.com/features/explorers/html/newworld_charting.html

  11. Columbian Exchange • What is it? • What impact did it have on both sides of the Atlantic? • Did the good outweigh the bad?

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