The role of Big Laboratories

1. Accelerating Science and Innovation The role of Big Laboratories R.-D. Heuer, CERN Nobel Symposium, 16 May 2013

2. “Definition” Big Laboratory ≡ Research Infrastructure (RI)

3. Key Message In today’s challenging period, all regions need to step up support for research and innovation in order to ensure, in a global competitive environment, the sustainable development of science and technology necessary for the upturn and growth of everybody’s economy. Research Infrastructures are important ‘tools’ for this

4. Mission of Research Infrastructures Research Push forwardthe frontiers of knowledge Innovation Develop new, cutting-edge technologies Education Trainscientists and engineers of tomorrow Outreach PromoteScience in Society

5. Key Message In today’s challenging period, all regions need to step up support for research and innovation in order to ensure, in a global competitive environment, the sustainable development of science and technology necessary for the upturn and growth of everybody’s economy. Research Infrastructures are important ‘tools’ for this, are vital for large scale projects

6. Large-scale Science Projects • Address - fundamental science questions at the forefront of research and technology • Need - large and sustained infrastructures - global collaboration on long time scales • Provide - unique equipment - challenging requests for high technology and innovation - stimulating ideas which in turn attract good people - occasion to bring people together

7. Sociology Large International Collaborations • a place where people learn to work together • collaboration and competition • diversity: good opportunity to recognize differences, accept them and learn to use them • influence the way of thinking, planning at general level • information sharing: role of computing in internationalization and communication • experience can be used by individuals and in other fields  management through ‘common goals’  management by ‘convincing partners’

8. Innovation in Fundamental Research Large scientificprojectsstimulate innovation • Space : Apollo missions, Space Station, Pioneer/Voyager Missions • ParticlePhysics : accelerators in general • at CERN : LEP, LHC Pushing the frontiers of technology. CERN Examples: • Superconductivity, magnets, cryogenics, vacuum, survey/metrology. • Transport and installation of heavyequipment. • Solid-state detectors resistant to high-intensity radiation. • Large-scaleindustrial control systems. • Electronic and information systems. • Project management and co-ordination.

9. Essential ingredients to drive innovation • A concrete project with ambitious goals and a deadline • Highly competent and motivated teams in all domains and at all levels • Open collaboration with competent partners • universities and research institutes • industrial partners for key technologies • Learning from others, sharing the results freely • Investment in training and education

10. Excellence and Cooperation • Scientific Excellence is key •  world-class, excellent infrastructures need excellent staff • intellectual challenges for all staff in RIs important

11. Excellence • Objective - strive for excellence • Aspects of excellence • In individuals, co-operation, infrastructure (including intellectual challenges); • National - Regional - International. • Excellence is not (necessarily) ‘being unique’; Competition promotes excellence. • Excellence will be attractive and inspiring to all region’s research and innovation communities and to society at large.

12. Excellence and Cooperation • Scientific Excellence is key •  world-class, excellent infrastructures need excellent staff • intellectual challenges for all staff in RIs important • - International scientific cooperation is vital •  CERN: be global (in membership) but keep European • component • National scientific cooperation is vital •  Establish close cooperation of RIs with national • facilities and universities

13. Key Issue (I): Mobility and Training • Excellent science and excellent RIs need excellent people •  Need mobility for all staff and users of RIs • Staff transfers between RIs • Dual career partnerships • Education cost • Social security, e.g. pension benefits • . . . • Excellent science and excellent RIs need excellent people •  Need training for all staff and users of Ris • including management

14. Key Issue (II): Outreach • All countries need more scientists, engineers, staff, . . . • targeted outreach activities • encourage interest in careers in science • Society needs to realize and appreciate science

15. (Editorial) . . . . . (10bn)

16. Key Issue (II): Outreach • All countries need more scientists, engineers, staff, . . . • targeted outreach activities • encourage interest in careers in science • Society needs to realize and appreciate science • - bring innovative science and exciting results achieved at • RIs, and their application to societal challenges, to the • notice of society • need more imaginative and ambitious outreach activities • science education through inquiry based novel teaching • methods in primary and secondary schools • - . . .

17. Key Issue (III): Scientific Instrumenation • Cutting-edge science relies on cutting-edge instrumentation • RIs develop new technologies and techniques • significant market for hi-tech industry • high initial costs and long time scales •  strengthen the relations between RIs and • industry in the field of scientific instrumentation •  promote knowledge and technology transfer

18. Knowledge Transfer through People Every year, hundreds of students come to CERN to contribute to our research programs An opportunity for young people to learn in a multicultural environment Not only for physicists! Also engineers, computer scientists, administrative students…

19. Key Issue (IV): Access to Results • circulation of scientific knowledge needs to be improved • huge, strongly increasing amount of data and information • data preservation • open access to scientific publications • open access to data

20. Computing Technologies: the Grid After filtering, CERN detectors select ~200 interesting collisions per second. Several MBs of data to be stored for each collision... more than 25 Petabytes/year of data! 8 Megabyte (8MB) A digital photo 1 Gigabyte (1GB) = 1000MB A DVD movie 1 Terabyte (1TB) = 1000GB World annual book production > 25 Petabytes (25PB) = 25000TB Annual LHC data output other areas of science are facing similar ‘problems’

21. We have Discoveries/New Results We are TODAY in an exciting era of planning-design-construction-running for large scale science projects and need • intensified efforts on R&D and technical design work to enable new projects • global collaboration and stability on long time scales(don‘t forget: first workshop on LHC was 1984)  more coordination and more collaboration required in particular for new projects

22. New Projects  Need to present and discuss new large scale projects in an international context before making choices  Need to present physics case(s) always taking into account latest results at existing facilities  Need to present (additional) benefits to society from the very beginning of the project  Need to have excellent communication and outreach accompanying all projects

23. Global Collaboration (I) We need to define the most appropriate organizational form and need to be open and inventive (scientists, funding agencies, politicians. . .) Mandatory to have accelerator laboratories in all regions as partners in accelerator development / construction / commissiong / exploitation Planning and execution of HEP projects today need global partnership for global, regional and national projects in other words: for the whole program Use the exciting times now to establish such a partnership

24. Global Collaboration (II) • To advance accelerators at the energy frontier we need • to maintain expertise in all regions; • ensure long term stability and support in all three regions; • engage all countries with particle physics communities; • to integrate particle physics from developing countries (regions); • global view from funding agencies; • a closer linkage of partners for development of technologies;

25. CERN: opening the door… • Membership for Non-European countries • New Associate Membership defined • CERN participation in global projects independent of location

26. The role of Big Laboratories: – innovate, discover, publish, share … and bring the world together